Message-Id: <199709050110.SAA34774@dns.ccit.arizona.edu> Date: Thu, 4 Sep 1997 18:16:35 -0700 From: Steve Gilheany <mailto:SteveGilheany@WORLDNET.ATT.NET> Subject: Re: 20 Year Price List from 3 Day UCLA Extension Document Imaging To: mailto:IMAGELIB@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU
Hi Paul,Thanks for your interest in my class.
I am the instructor and I own the copyrights to the contents of this message because I wrote them and did not sell the copyright.
While I can say more about this information in my class, I would like to make this information available to people so they can use it in their jobs.
Please let me know if it was useful to you.
Thanks
Steve
Steve Gilheany Tel: (310) 937-4757 Fax: (310) 937-4758 mailto:SteveGilheany@worldnet.att.net
---------- > From: Paul Andersen <mailto:paul_andersen@ONLINE.DISNEY.COM>
> To: mailto:IMAGELIB@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU
> Subject: Re: 20 Year Price List from 3 Day UCLA Extension Document
ImagingCourse > Date: Thursday, September 04, 1997 8:56 AM
>
> This is not the first email I have seen posting information from a UCLA
extension text. If I am not mistaken even course handouts are protected by copyright. Have you received permission from the author or instructor to post this message? >
> =========== REPLY PARTITION ===========
>
> On 09/03/97, at 12:11 AM, Steve Gilheany wrote:
>
> >20 Year Price List from 3 Day UCLA Extension Document Imaging Course
> >
> >-------
> > Course Handout on the Cost of 1 TeraByte of Magnetic Disk Storage over
the > >next 20 years.
> >-------
> >
> >
> >20 Year Price List for the Cost of 1 TeraByte of Magnetic Disk Storage
(*1) > >
> >1994 $1,000,000.00
> >1995 $400,000.00
> >1996 $160,000.00
> >1997 $64,000.00
> >1998 $25,600.00
> >1999 $10,240.00
> >2000 $4,096.00
> >2001 $1,638.40
> >2002 $655.36
> >2003 $262.14
> >2004 $104.86
> >2005 $41.94
> >2006 $16.78
> >2007 $6.71
> >2008 $2.68
> >2009 $1.07
> >2010 $0.43
> >2011 $0.17
> >2012 $0.07
> >2013 $0.03
> >2014 $0.01
> >2015 $0.00
> >
> >-------
> >Meta-Notes
> >-------
> >
> >To the people who requested that I post this, thanks for your interest.
> >
> >To the people who offered suggestions and information, thanks for your
> >support.
> >
> >Trademarks are the property of their respective holders. No warranty of
> >any type is expressed or implied.
> >
> >Please see the note at the end for cross listing of this posting.
> >
> >Please consider using some or all of this posting in your newsletter
with a > >note as to where it came from.
> >
> >Please email me your comments.
> >
> >If you receive questions on the accuracy or applicability of these
> >estimates or have questions yourself, please email me.
> >
> >These listings, along with Microsoft Word, Excel, and Power Point (400
> >slides) files will be posted at www.ArchiveBuilders.com after September
5, > >1997 under Course Notes. All of the information for these two one-page
> >handouts is here, except the formatting information.
> >
> >
> >-------
> > Course Handout on the Cost of 1 TeraByte of Magnetic Disk Storage over
the > >next 20 years.
> >-------
> >
> >
> >(This table is best viewed in a 9 point Courier font after being pasted
> >into a word processor.)
> >
> >
> >20 Year Price List for Cost of 1 TeraByte of Magnetic Disk Storage
> >
> >-----------------------------------------------------------------------
> > ! ! ! ! !
> > !Cost to Store!Cost to Store !Cost to Store !Cost to Store ! Cost
> >Year!2 Thousand !1 Million !1 Thousand !One ! to
> > !File Cabinets!Pages !Pages !Page ! Store
> > !(1 TeraByte) !(50 GigaBytes)!(50 MegaBytes)!(50 KiloBytes)!1 TByte
> > ! ! ! ! !
> >-----------------------------------------------------------------------
> > ! ! ! ! !
> > !-60% per year! -60% per year! -60% per year! -60% per year!-60%/yr
> > ! ! ! ! !
> > ! *1 ! *1 ! *1 ! *1 ! *1
> >-----------------------------------------------------------------------
> > ! ! ! ! !
> >1994 $1,000,000.00! $50,000.00 !$50.00 ! $0.05 $1,000,000.00
> >1995 $400,000.00! $20,000.00 !$20.00 ! $0.02 $400,000.00
> >1996 $160,000.00! $8,000.00 ! $8.00 ! $0.01 $160,000.00
> >1997 $64,000.00! $3,200.00 ! $3.20 ! $0.003 $64,000.00
> >1998 $25,600.00! $1,280.00 ! $1.28 ! $0.001 $25,600.00
> >1999 $10,240.00! $512.00 ! $0.51 ! $0.001 $10,240.00
> >2000 $4,096.00! $204.80 ! $0.20 ! $0.0002 $4,096.00
> >2001 $1,638.40! $81.92 ! $0.08 ! $0.0001 $1,638.40
> >2002 $655.36! $32.77 ! $0.03 ! $0.00003 $655.36
> >2003 $262.14! $13.11 ! $0.01 ! $0.00001 $262.14
> >2004 $104.86! $5.24 ! $0.01 ! $0.00001 $104.86
> >2005 $41.94! $2.10 ! $0.002 ! $0.000002 $41.94
> >2006 $16.78! $0.84 ! $0.001 ! $0.000001 $16.78
> >2007 $6.71! $0.34 ! $0.0003 ! $0.0000003 $6.71
> >2008 $2.68! $0.13 ! $0.0001 ! $0.0000001 $2.68
> >2009 $1.07! $0.05 ! $0.0001 ! $0.0000001 $1.07
> >2010 $0.43! $0.02 ! $0.00002 ! $0.00000002 $0.43
> >2011 $0.17! $0.01 ! $0.00001 ! $0.00000001 $0.17
> >2012 $0.07! $0.003 ! $0.000003 ! $0.000000003 $0.07
> >2013 $0.03! $0.001 ! $0.000001 ! $0.000000001 $0.03
> >2014 $0.01! $0.001 ! $0.000001 ! $0.000000001 $0.01
> >2015 $0.00! $0.000 ! $0.000000 ! $0.000000000 $0.00
> >
> >
> >
> >*1 The current rate of decline in magnetic disk storage costs is based
on > >prices over the last eight years. IBM's magnetoresistive head
technology > >[that underlies IBM's influence on disk prices], has been increasing the
> >areal bit density of magnetic disks at a rate of 60 percent per year
since > >1989*. IBM projects that the 60 percent rate will continue for the
> >foreseeable future*. IBM's laboratory results confirm this rate until
at > >least the year 2000. And, while costs are decreasing, reliability has
> >increased to a disk drive MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) of 1,000,000
> >hours.*[*Source: The Era of Magnetoresistive Heads, Ed Grochowski, IBM
> >Research Division, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA., 1994]
> >
> >The historic rate of decline in magnetic disk storage cost is based on
the > >5 MegaByte RAMAC disk drive introduced by IBM in June, 1957, at a
monthly > >rental of $3,200.00*(in 1957 dollars), and on 1994 disk prices. The
> >decline from the 1957 RAMAC cost of $100,000 per MByte (Adjusted to 1994
> >dollars, and adjusted for IBM's historic desire to rent rather than
sell), > >to the cost of $ 1 per MByte for drives available in 1994, represents a
> >decline of 27 percent per year for 37 years.[*Source: IBM's Early
> >Computers, by Charles J. Bashe, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986.]
> >
> >
> >{The storage MTBF (a component of system availability) of a document
> >management system can be increased to the level desired through the use
of > >RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) technology. Rev
22 > >Archive Builders
> >
> >--------
> >Course Handout on Computer Storage Requirements by Document Type
> >--------
> >
> >[N.B. these estimates will help you size your system. After you have
> >scanned in from 1 to 10 percent of your documents, you will know quite
> >precisely how your documents match these estimates and you can apply a
> >conversion factor. For example, if your images are ten percent smaller
> >than these estimates, on average, multiply your storage estimates by 90
> >percent. Because storage costs are a small part of overall conversion
> >costs, these slight variations are generally not a problem in planning.]
> >
> >1 scanned page (8 1/2 by 11 inches) (CCITT G4 compressed) = 50
KiloBytes > >(KByte) (on average)
> >
> >1 file cabinet (4 drawer) (10,000 pages on average) = 500 MegaBytes
(MByte) > >= 1 CD ROM
> >
> >2 file cabinets = 1,000 MBytes = 1 GigaByte (GByte); 10 file cabinets =
1 > >DVD (see below)
> >
> >2,000 file cabinets = 1,000 GBytes = 1 TeraByte (TByte); 2,000 file
> >cabinets = 200 DVDs
> >
> >1 banker's box (2,500 pages) = 1 file drawer = 2 linear feet of files =
125 > >MBytes
> >
> >8 banker's boxes = 16 linear feet = 1 GByte; 8,000 boxes = 16,000
linear > >feet = 1 TByte
> >
> >1 roll of 16 mm microfilm (100 ft) = 2,500 letter size images = 1
banker's > >box = 125 MBytes
> >
> >1 roll of 35 mm microfilm (100 ft) = 5,000 letter size images (or letter
> >size image equivalents) = 250 MBytes
> >
> >1 microfiche (average) = 100 letter size images; 200 fiche = 20,000
images > >= 1 GByte
> >
> >[N.B. In many record series, microfiche contain only a few images
because > >each fiche represents a single record in the series. In this case
filming > >breaks on record boundaries, rather than being continuous. To a lesser
> >extent this is also true for roll film. In these cases, the amount of
> >storage required depends on the number of images on the film, not the
> >number of microfiche or the number of rolls of film.]
> >
> >Scanned aperture card images require the same storage as the document or
> >drawing in the aperture would require at its physical, one-to-one,
> >full-size, un-microphotographed size.
> >
> >1 E size drawing (48 inches by 36 inches) = 16 letter size pages (8 1/2
by > >11 inches);
> >
> >[D size = 8 pages; C size = 4 pages; B size = 2 pages; A size = 1 page
> >//old E size 48 x 36 in., new E size 44 x 34 in. (A0 size is the ISO
> >European size equivalent nomenclature for E size), D size (A1) 34 x 22,
C > >size (A2) 22 x 17, B size (A3) 11 x 17, A size (A4) 8½ x 11 // F size 28
x > >40, Roll sizes: G size 11 x 22 ½ to 11 x 90, H size 28 x 44 to 28 x 143,
J > >size 34 x 56 to 34 by 176, K size 40 x 56 to 40 x 143 in. // For
> >newspapers, a double truck (center fold) full broadsheet is 24 x 36
inches, > >equivalent to an old D size drawing.]
> >
> >1 hour compressed color video = 2 GBytes (DVD, MPEG 2) (image quality
> >dependent)
> >
> >1 hour audio = 10 MBytes (dictation, answering machine) to 500 MBytes (a
CD > >holds 74 minutes of music)
> >
> >1 color picture = 10 KBytes (thumbnail) to 5 MBytes (for each of 100
photos > >on a 500 MByte photo CD)
> >
> >[N.B. The size of the compressed file for a scanned photograph depends
on > >the resolution (DPI: Dots Per Inch) and the detail (information) in the
> >photograph. The detail in a photograph is dependent on the size of the
> >negative and the quality of the film and the camera and lens (It is not
> >related to the print size unless the print is smaller than the
negative). > >The resolution of the scan should be chosen to match the detail of the
> >photograph. For most cameras, films, and formats 35 mm and smaller, the
5 > >MByte Photo CD format (3,072 by 2,048 pixels) captures all the
information > >in the image. N.B. this is in dots per image rather than dots per
inch.] > >
> >1 Chest X-ray = 1 MegaByte (14 x 17 inches), 150 DPI (Dots Per Inch), 12
> >bits (compressed)
> >
> >[(12 bits per pixel, provides 4,096 shades of grey) (wavlet compression,
> >lossless mode, has FDA 510(k) approval) / (150 DPI, 12 bit images
> >recommended by American College of Radiology for primary reads) / 14 x
17 > >Chest X-ray =200 KiloBytes (for secondary reads: wavlet compression,
lossy > >mode, has FDA 510(k) approval)]
> >
> >1 Byte (B)(common usage) = 8 bits (b) = 1 character; 1 Unicode Byte =
16 > >bits = 1 character
> >
> >[1,000 Bytes =~ (~ about) 1 KiloByte; 1,000 KBytes =~ 1 MegaByte; 1,000
> >MBytes =~ 1 GigaByte; 1,000 GBytes =~ 1 TeraByte; 1,000 TBytes =~ 1
> >PetaByte; 1,000 PBytes =~ 1 ExaByte]
> >
> >Modem = 33 Kbit per second = 2 pages per minute (~$30.00 per month for a
> >standard phone line)
> >
> >ISDN (1 voice channel) = 56 Kbit per second = 5 pages per minute
(~$50.00 > >per month)(ISDN charge)
> >
> >T1 (24 voice channels) = 1.544 Mbit per second = 3 pages per second
> >(~$1,000.00 per month)
> >
> >Ethernet (CSMA/CD) = 1 Mbit per second (effective) or 10 Mbit per second
> >(nominal) = 2 pages per second
> >
> >OC3 ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) = 155 Mbit per second = 300 pages
per > >second
> >
> >OC192 (SONET optical fiber) = 10 Gbit per second = 20,000 pages (2 file
> >cabinets) per second
> >
> >Optical carrier frequency = 400 THz (40,000 cycles used for every OC192
bit > >transmitted)
> >
> >[N.B. Spelling out Byte and bit whenever used considerably reduces
> >confusion as files stored as Bytes are transmitted as bits.]
> >
> >1 DVD (Digital Video Disk) (same physical size as a CD ROM) = 7.4 GByte
> >(WORM)
> >
> >[(WORM: Write Once, Read Many) (2 sided, 1 layer per side); = 5.2 GByte
RAM > >or RW (overwrite, rewrite) (2 sided, 1 layer per side); = 17 GBytes
(ROM) > >(2 sided, 2 layers per side). Multimedia: 5 channel (theater quality
> >surround sound)(5.1, Dolby AC-3) / 96 KHz / 24 bit audio, 8 languages ,
32 > >subtitles, and about 135 minutes (long enough to accommodate 94% of all
> >movies) of high quality (720 horizontal lines) video on each of 4
layers. > >The file format is ISO 13346 UDF (Universal Disk Format) which
harmonizes > >all CD recording standards including ISO 9660. Available in 1996. A
> >future technology, 3rd generation blue lasers [sort of a blue light
> >special], should yield a 40 GByte ROM for HDTV.]
> >
> >1 pulp tree (loblolly pine) = 1/10th cord of wood = 10,000 pages = 1
File > >Cabinet = 4 banker's boxes = 1/2 GByte
> >
> >[1 lumber tree (20 inch diameter, 110 ft tall, 50 years old) = 1 cord,
10 > >pulp tree (8 in. dia., 50 ft tall, 20 yrs old) = 1 cord, 1 cord = 4 x 4
x 8 > >ft = 128 cubic ft (75 cubic feet of wood)]
> >
> >1 wordprocessor or OCR'ed (Optical Character Recognition) page = 5
KBytes > >(all pages listed above are scanned pages)
> >
> >1 compressed page of COLD (Computer Output to Laser Disk) or COOL
(Computer > >Output On-Line) = 1 KBytes
> >
> >Minimum commercial scanning cost for backfile conversion (more than 1
> >million pages) ~ 5 cents per page
> >
> >
> >Search by:
> >
> >Database entry/Unique identifier
> >Full text/Fuzzy search
> >Nested folders/Aliased folders
> >Concept/Thesaurus search
> >Document structure (SGML)
> >Hyperlink traversal/annotation
> >Email{ed}link/Workflow link
> >Card catalog/Finding aid
> >Sequential search/Date scanned
> >Log of reading history/Date entered
> >Bibliography/Citation counts
> >ActiveX (Object Link) link
> >Spatial /Temporal coordinates (GIS)
> >Internet agents/Popularity chart
> >Time Code (SMPTE)/GPS orientation
> >Image Matching / Image Analysis
> >Thumb Print / Physiological ID
> >Combination of any or all of the above
> >
> >
> >The raster image is the image of record: (OCR'ed/vectorized images
> >constitute re-authoring/re-engineering)
> >Rev 30
> >
> >http://www.ArchiveBuilders.com mailto:SteveGilheany@ArchiveBuilders.com 1147
> >Manhattan Avenue, Suite 322, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 Tel: (310)
937-7000 > >Fax: (310) 937-7001
> >
> >-----
> >Course Description
> >-----
> >
> >The above are two of the one-page handouts for the following course:
> >
> >UCLA Extension will present a three day class on Document Imaging and
> >Document Management in Downtown Los Angeles at the World Trade Center,
next > >to the Westin Bonaventure Hotel (800) 228-3000 (213) 624-1000 [Many
other > >motels and hotels are available.] The dates are September 25, 26, and
27, > >Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. To
> >accommodate fly-in students, the class meets from 1 PM to 9 PM on
Thursday > >and Friday, and from 9 AM to 5:00 PM on Saturday. The fee is $375.00.
> >This course is for managers who have been assigned to specify, install
or > >manage a document imaging system. Students will learn about the
technology > >of scanning, importing, transmitting, storing, protecting, locating,
> >retrieving, viewing, and printing documents.. Image and document
formats, > >multimedia, rich text, GIS (Geographic Information Systems), CAD
(Computer > >Aided Design), and image enabled databases will be discussed. The
course > >also covers the integration of the DVD, DirecTV, DirecPC, Cable,
Telephony, > >the Internet and PC. UCLA Extension registration is (310) 825-9971.
Ask > >for course X 814.14, registration number B4004. For information, please
> >contact the instructor, at mailto:SteveGilheany@ArchiveBuilders.com. (310)
> >937-7000. Instructor: Steve Gilheany, BA CS, MBA, MLS Specialization in
> >Information Science, CDIA (Certified Document Imaging System Architect),
> >Sr. Systems Engineer, Archive Builders.
> >
> >The following is offered to reduce duplication: This posting has been
cross > >listed on the following lists: ALA-LITA-L, Archives, DigLib, DigLib-ns,
> >DPRA, ERECS-L, HIM-L, ImageLib, PACS-L, RecMgmt, and SLA-DITA. If you
can > >suggest other lists that might have readers that are interested in the
> >topic, please let me know and I will subscribe to those lists and post
this > >message to those lists. If you can post it more easily than I can,
please > >let me know and I will ask one person to post it to each list
> >
> >Steve Gilheany
> >Tel: (310) 937-4757 Fax: (310) 937-4758
> >mailto:SteveGilheany@worldnet.att.net