The Nepal Digest - Oct 24, 1994 (21 Kartik 2051 BkSm)

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Date: Mon Oct 24 1994 - 09:38:49 CDT


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The Nepal Digest Monday 24 Oct 94: Kartik 21 2051 BkSm Volume 32 Issue 6

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****************************************************************** Date: Fri, 21 Oct 1994 14:18:27 +0200 To: nepal-request@cs.niu.edu From: gurung@wasser.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp ( Ai Bahadur Gurung )

Dear Editor,

I am working now as a researcher in the Musiake Lab., Univ. of Tokyo, Japan after doing ME from the same lab.
 The speciality of our lab is Hydrology and Water Resources. I am reading the contribution of the TND very often and I think this is the one of the good source of the news for those who are out of the country. I wish this will keep on publishing the authentic news.

Looking forward to hearing from you. Sincerely yours Ai B. gurung

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********************************************************************** From: S DAHAL <S.Dahal@bradford.ac.uk> Subject: Comment and request To: NEPAL@cs.niu.edu Message-Id: <Pine.3.05.9410201758.C18494-a100000@discovery.brad.ac.uk> Nepal Digest,

        I am getting TND through my friend in spite of my two requests to you before. Please incorporate my e-mail address to your address book for future delivery. I hope I will get TND directly in future.

        I went through the appeal of Mr.Tilak Shrestha to throw Girija Prasad Koirala. It looks like a political appeal than a substansive remarks. I would like to see more concrete views in TND rather than proving a platform to make personal abuse and political publicity.

        Thanks, SDahal

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****************************************************************************** Date: Thu, 20 Oct 1994 11:04:38 EDT To: The Nepal digest Editor <nepal-request@cs.niu.edu> From: "Pramod K. Mishra" <pkm@acpub.duke.edu> Subject: Women in Hinduism VII: Marriage and its Aftermath

        Women in Hinduism VII: Marriage and its Aftermath

     In the days of child marriages, when a woman was married even before she survived her puberty, marriages occurred purely as a means of satisfying the whims of two same-caste families and their patriarchs, to gratify the desires of some dying grandparent, and to enhance family prestige by establishing marital bonds and thereby having worldful of relatives. In those days, a Hindu marriage took place to enhance and save family honor and to make the woman labor in the field and home and to bear male children. And part of the fulfillment of this goal of enhancing one's prestige, a Hindu made sure that the female child in the family, the prime symbol of family honor (or dishonor), of higher value than the elephant in the yard, of greater honor than having any education, got married before she knew what it was to be a woman. For if she knew what it was to have a woman's body and human desires, she might make a choice and that mighty choice, within or without the caste, would dishonor the clan, smear black soot, so to speak, on the faces of her family and clan, metaphorically cut their noses (a nose being the prime symbol of honor, prestige, shame; all these virtues concentrated in that valuable piece of cartilage on the face). How dare she even dream of making choices regarding who she wanted to mate with? Kulghatini (destroyer of the clan), Kuldrohini (rebel of the clan), Kalankini (defiler of the family honor), Kulata (slut; I'm afraid I don't seem to find an exact translation for this word), Kulakshini (harbinger of calamities)!
     Therefore, let's marry her before she knows what it is to be a woman, before she grows enough sense to make choices, and, worst of all, before she becomes wilful. Even now if you ask many a Hindu woman about her marriage, she would tell you that the only memory she has of her marriage is of playing with the ornaments given to her on the occasion. The more I think about it, Mr. Editor, the more astonished I become: how scared Hindu men--God, fathers, husbands, brothers, sons--were of a woman's womanhood! Only by imprisoning a Hindu woman's womanhood, by regulating, controlling, stifling, destroying the growth of her full personhood could Hindus sleep peacefully and conserve prestige and honor! But what cost this honor? This prestige came from showing the caste members (and there was often a competition, folks) how inhuman you could be, to what extent your cruelty could go, in order to fulfill caste and clan expectations--whipping the recalcitrant woman with raw bamboo switches, declaring her a lifelong pariah, a broken egg, staging accidents, and, if nothing worked, plainly setting her afire. The more cruel you were in inflicting agony, the farther you went in wreaking inhumanity, the enhanced your and your family's prestige became. Your caste would sing your glory.
     Prestige and honor; honor and prestige. A Hindu lived for them; he died for them. He declared his own sister or daughter a broken egg for honor and prestige (in many instances he even killed them), he went to school and college for prestige, he got a job for prestige. The honor and prestige of clan and caste. Not the satisfaction that came from his own achievement--doing a clean job where he worked, acquiring envious education, being honest to the core, opposing instances of injustice and tyranny-- no; but prestige and honor that came from declaring his son an outcast, making his daughter an untouchable if he or she went against the folk wishes of his caste. And damned proud he felt having done all that.
     And there was another word that went with prestige, honor, caste. Samaaj, society. But this society functioned not as a giving agency; if you went hungry, no one cared. No, they did care--they would kick your ass and make you their field slave and exploit you to your bone. Society or Samaaj worked as a regulating agency, too, to cut you down if you showed any of your human tendencies. A Hindu ignored the development of his own personality, those of his family members, and devoted his own and borrowed energies to acquiring prestige, laboring to earn honor, and fulfilling the demands of samaaj.
     Even now in many parts of India and, to a lesser extent, Nepal, Fathers get scared if their daughter turns out to be extraordinarily brilliant and begins to top the class and outshine all the boys. In such cases, the father actively discourages his daughter to pursue higher education. Do you know why? These fathers argue that if such a brilliant daughter gets higher degrees--doctor, engineer, PhD--it would be difficult to find a matching groom for her (even though she does not become a choice-maker). And even if a groom appears who has higher education than the girl, the groom's parents demand outrageous dowries. How can you invest money in your daughter's education and at the same time, after she gets educated, give blood-sucking dowry to get her safely married to a person who and his father believes in "Man's destiny and woman's character"? An atmosphere of great fear, giving the father sleepless nights, occurs when he begins to be obsessed with the idea that the daughter will remain unmarried, jeopardizing his prestige. He begins to entertain the thought that in the absence of a suitable caste boy, the daughter may find someone outside the caste and marry.
     What if the highly educated daughter married someone within the caste who is not as educated as she is? Well, that can't be. She would be unhappy, because she has been told from childhood that man must be superior to the woman so she can be dominated. She can't get the kick if she doesn't get kicked one way or another. And since she does not get even to see or speak to, let alone know and choose her life partner, she is right if she goes for the safer variables--chooses her superior as a husband in age, education, and money. Uneducated her body had to be fed, clothed, and sheltered; educated, her soul needs to be fed, clothed, and sheltered. Doesn't the scripture mean that?
     Once she is married and brought to "her" home, we Hindu men and women know what happens. We can ask ourselves--those of us who consider ourselves modern, educated, able to read, write, and understand English; those who sing praises of pristine Hindu past and lament how unfortunately Brahminism crept in, as though ancient scriptures lacked this perfidy, free from Brahminism; it's a classic disease of the apologists of orthodoxy and bigotry to blame everything on the shoulder of what happened later and praise the pristine ancient past: Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dwaper Yuga, and, the worst, Kali Yuga; the deterioration of the Hindus, scripture-ordained and so inevitable (it's like a destitute grandson taking his guest around his village and telling him that as far as their eyes can see, everything belonged to his grandfather when he was alive)--we can ask ourselves putting
(using a bit of superstition here, folks!) our hands on our hearts: when and how did our first contact with our spouse occur?
     Did we treat our newly married wife as a human being? Try to get to know her, understand her likes and respect her dislikes, sympathize with her hopes and soothe her fears, fortify her certainties and dispel her misgivings? What did we do in order to understand her before any physical contact? Arranged marriage of course did not give us opportunity to know our spouse, but what happened after marriage? Our answers to these questions should melt some fat from our eyes and make us realize that the society needs to be changed, not by offering prayers to Pashupati to change things for us, but by ourselves, condemning those ills that dehumanize us and strengthening those that make us--men, women, high caste, low caste--humans. Arranged marriage is not bad because it is arranged marriage; it's bad because it makes us pawns, objects, lumps of lustful flesh, killing the human soul, at the service of the caste, the vicious the joint family, and the sadist samaaj.
     Lust and labor guide our action toward a woman after marriage, even for many of us who consider ourselves educated. We must not let the educated go free, for when the educated go blind, no surgery can remove the cataract of ignorance from the educated men's eyes. And I still maintain that Hindu fathers, by obeying blindly what their religion says, what their religion- sanctioned society and caste and clan tell them about a male child and a female child, become, by default, without knowing, the first and, I add here, most dangerous enemy of their daughters. A woman raised even in complete ignorance and discriminatory environment is likely to fight her oppressor if she is grown-up. But what about a child? For a child her parents possess more power than anyone in the world (parents are the Almighty for children), and a child believes that what her parents tell her is the self-evident truth. Whether we raise a child to be a slave or a tyrant depends on us. And when we discriminate our daughters in feeding, education, and other opportunities for the growth of her personhood, they cannot question, they can only obey. Such is our power as fathers. Now if the world--the husbands, men, the male world of caste and clan--take advantage of her lack of knowledge and ability to depend on her own feet and if the world consequently enslaves her, exploits her, and destroys her, then who is to blame? Who becomes the most vicious enemy here? Who does the most enduring damage to a woman, if not the father? We educated ones can ask ourselves, given the chance, what do we want: a son or a daughter?
     So even after marriage, this helplessness continues. There is a word in Nepali: Nimukha, tongueless (Remember the story of Philomel?). Hinduism enjoins fathers to raise their daughters as Nimukha. And after marriage, the husband can drink, play cards, gamble, take a stick and walk four villages, and the wife would cook, bear and raise children, work in the field and, most important of all, bear the whole burden of the family's religion. She is drugged by doses of religion, and when the mind is drugged, the body does not feel the toil and torture it endures.
     There is another reason why the husband develops secular obsessions and the wife religious ones. It's bitter but we must know it: loneliness. Some spouses within arranged marriages do stumble upon feelings of friendship and understanding and lead a happy life, but most cases produce searing loneliness. When arranged marriage forces a woman to accept a man and a man to marry a woman purely based on caste, clan, money, land, prestige, loneliness is most often the inevitable result. It drives the husband to the company of card players, to the assembly of bottles, or to the bosom of other subterranean women. And for the wife there is the ever-green religion to drug her mind to suffering through theories of karma, reincarnation, and already written, inerasable, fate. Such women grow bitter and dictatorial, inhuman and jealous, and begin to exact callous demands on the son and inflict cruelty and hard labor upon the daughter-in-law. Mr. Editor, when the son begins to love his wife accidentally in his first flush of lustful passion after marriage, his jealous, bitter mother burns with envy, apprehends the battle lost, and quibbles openly or else gossips around with the neighbors: "My son has become shameless, and my daughter-in- law is a slut; they talk the whole night!" There is a saying in Maithili (I don't know if there is an equivalent in Nepali):
"Kohbar ke kania aa godi ke bachchaa jenaa raakhi tehne rahe (the bride in her honeymoon and the baby in the cradle; mold them as you may. If you don't, they slip your grip for good."
     Mr. Editor, we love to worship a woman if she is as harmless as goddess Durga, who is made of mud and paint and straw and bamboo frame--and who does not move nor speak. But if she were made of flesh and blood and everything else, we would have been the first to fear and hate her body and marry her off to make her work in the field and home and bear hordes of sons long before she slew the buffalo demon Mahishasur.
     Happy Bijayadashami!

********************************************************************** Date: Thu, 20 Oct 1994 16:36:44 EDT From: pramod@UFCC.UFL.EDU To: nepal@cs.niu.edu Subject: scan

Have any of you bumped into me somewhere,somehow in the past?I am pramod Dhakal (vanasthali 84',Ascol 84-87,Manila 88-92).I have a toll free number (just don't bother that 1-800)simply dial 1-(904)375-5304.Even if you don't care,let's pretend.

**************************************************************** Date: Thu, 20 Oct 1994 20:52:18 -0400 (EDT) From: Bhanu Neupane u <neup2011@mach1.wlu.ca> Subject: Kudos, Thanks and Query! To: The Nepal Digest <NEPAL@cs.niu.edu>

Dear Editor!

A. Kudos to the tireless job you are doing to keep TND alive. I want to volunteer myself, if any need arises. I won't be able to promise the best, yet I can assure you that, I am a fast learner.

B. Through TND, I would like to extend my thanks to Robin for updating me on american freedom of speech. I however, wanted to convey some other message concealed within the larger frame of purple underwear (I believe, I did not use the moarse code). I was pissed off by the way, I was treated on the phone by somebody at the Royal Nepal Embassy. I basically wanted to say to Nepalis living in the states to be considerate and logical in dealing with the problems of fellow Nepali in distress. It was rather, a plea for developing some humane touch in dealing with a fellow Nepali and was nothing personal. (May be a year of stay in US is far too little in delving into all the facets of american culture).

I too enjoy David letterman and his sarcastic comments on Bill and Hillary. I watch this show because Married with children follows it. Yet, to me the "gentle satirical approach" of Haribansa and Madankrishna remains unbeaten.

C. Thanks are also due to Kishan, Bimal and Sagun for telling me all about the passport stuff. I rather decided to sent the passposrt back to Nepal by a courier (Yes! I blew 55 bucks, rather than over-doing this
"Chakadi" stuff to embassy people. May lord pashupati provide sadbuddhi to these people) Thanks again for helping me out.

D. The help of Mr. shrestha in guiding me to Wisconsin Library for Nepali Movie has worked out. I will be receiving the cassette in a week or two. Thanks.

E. I recently (last sunday on 16th) ran the Detroit Marathon and could finish it (of course, without any standing). A fellow marathoner died of over-exertion, gosh! it could have been me. I wanted to know, if anybody else form TND community took part in the marathon? As in the list of participating countries, Nepal was already entered and there were two signatures.

Bhanu Canada

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************************************************************************* Date: Thu, 20 Oct 1994 21:44:08 -0400 (EDT) From: Nirmal Ghimirez <NGH42799Q236@DAFFY.MILLERSV.EDU> To: nepal@cs.niu.edu Subject: Entry to all in Pashupatinath

I have been curious and have been wondering by this question for quite a long time. After my enquiry I have not yet found any clue of this. Why is Pashupati temple not open to non Hindus? I have not seen any scripture where it is mentioned nor, do I find any logic behind not letting the non-hindus go in.For god any disciple is a disciple no matter who he or she is. Lord Krishna has mentioned this in Gita as well. Rationally thinking does it make sense that a temple such as Pashupati is only limited to Hindus. Hinduism is the oldest and the most open religion of all, could this religion ever creat such a barrier. I believe that it never made such statements. Maybe someone at some time taking the advantage or due to circumstances made this rule. Maybe to preserve it sometimes.But that time is gone we should follow and believe in the openess of this great religion.People, any people of anytype should be allowed to enter in as long as they follow the rules and regulations of the temple and respect the temple. Please don't misunderstand me, by saying rules I mean to say rules like not wearing leathers, not carrying cameras etc. Any human being whether an atheist,Hindu or non Hindu maybe should be allowed in. For many want to see the beauty of that place many want to learn the culture and history of it. When I told some people about this they got enraged and said why Pashupati? Reading in books and being in that place makes a difference, so reading about Pashupatinath and visiting the temple is two different experience. So, Why are we giving this disadvantage to the non-hindus. I don't know what the rules in other religions are, nor do I want to compare. For I believe that all religions have the same purpose. Thinking very broadly and with an open mind I wish Pashupatinath would be open for all. As I told you before,I am stillin enquiry about this. I would like to hear the opinions of many. I would like to know the answer of this, or if I am thinking wrong be frank to logically and rationally criticise me.Thanks . Nirmal

******************************************************************** Date: Fri, 21 Oct 1994 12:17:49 EDT To: A10RJS1@cs.niu.edu From: eknath@math.cornell.edu (Eknath Belbase - Math Grad) Subject: TND

This is with reference to the post on the aspects and culture of homosexuality in Nepal.

Someone wrote:"I have often wondered if homosexuality is a capitalist disease u nique to the west." [it was part of a message with quotes so I am unsure who it ought to be attributed to]

If this was not a typo [ie substitute homophobia for homosexuality] then the statement itself goes a long way towards answering the question: by calling it a disease...

If the writer meant homophobia, I would not agree either - with the statement that this does not exist in Nepal.

"but I have never heard of mature women, both married or unmarried horisng around or indulging in sex with other adult women. Either th4e sancitons must be extraordinarily stiff or the phenomenon just does nto exist., I am inclined to believe the latter because if it were the former at least we would hear of locker room gossip and snid remarks which are forms of "

or you are not hearing this locker-room gossip because you are not allowed into those locker rooms where such discussions go on.

It goes on all right, both men and women, married usually, adults, engage in homosexual relations. It may be rarer there - my guess is it is, particularly rare among women. But it is hard to get information about the frequency, being a man in a society where there is little discussion of topics like that between members of the opposite sex.

********************************************************************** Date: Fri, 21 Oct 94 13:38:56 From: David Hill <DHILL@tellus.com> To: The Nepal Digest <nepal@cs.niu.edu> Subject: 9.T-B, Grindlay's Bank Nepal

I am looking for the phone and fax number of the Nepal Grindlays Bank, Lakeside Pokhara Office. Any assistance appreciated.

I would also like to say hello/namaste to any friends reading the TND. I conducted research on rural energy use in Lahachowk Village, north of Pokhara from fall 1991 to Spring 1992. I now work for an energy and environmental consulting firm in Boston Ma.. The TND is a great resource for staying in touch with Nepal. If any readers live in the Boston area, send me an e-mail and we can get together for a meal sometime, my Nepali is rusting from non-use and I would love to slow down that unfortunate process. Thnx.

********************************************************************* Date: Fri, 21 Oct 1994 17:00:30 -0400 (EDT) From: Nirmal Ghimirez <NGH42799Q236@DAFFY.MILLERSV.EDU> To: nepal@cs.niu.edu Subject: mail address

Could I get the e - mail adddress of Mr.mishra

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************************************************************************ Date: Fri, 21 Oct 1994 22:32:20 -0400 (EDT) From: William Pusateri <pusateri@oberon.pps.pgh.pa.us> Subject: Re: The Nepal Digest - Oct 20, 1994 (17 Kartik 2051 BkSm) To: The Nepal Digest <NEPAL@cs.niu.edu>

May I suggest you shorten the opening pages of TND to one or two. One must pass 6 opening pages each time one wishes to get to the heart of TND. The TIBET Pages get along fine with just 2 opening pages.

Also I would like to see more personal stories in TND. What ever happened to the man who was severly beaten as he drove friends to the airport. Has he recovered? Has he returned to Nepal? How does he feel about the experience now?

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*********************************************************************
>From Shailesh Ram Bhandari (sbhandar@garnet.acns.fsu.edu)
Florida State University, Department of Economics Tallahassee, Florida 32306

                             NETA

    Nepal ka neta haru lai achamma ko
                             rog lageko chha,
    khaana pani khaa-e-ka chhan
    daana pani khaa-e-ka chhan,
    teti le pani napugera
              kursi nai khaane
                             vog lageko chha.

*********************************************************************** Date: Sun, 23 Oct 94 23:28:23+050 From: jdana@ronast.ernet.in To: nepal@cs.niu.edu Subject: Homosexuality in Nepal

I cannot claim any sort of expertise on the subject but can offer certain anecdotal comments regarding homosexual activity in Nepal that I've gathered over several years of living here. So, for what it's worth...

An American homosexual friend of mine here in Kathmandu has had a couple of Nepali boyfriends and tells me that there is a great deal of activity among men. He claims that his lovers have told him that perhaps 80% of Nepali men have had some sort of homosexual experience by the time they reach age 18.

Given the cultural restrictions in Nepal which prohibit heterosexual contact prior to marraige, this is perhaps not so unusual (I believe this phenomenon is evidenced in many Muslim cultures as well). I suppose one could question whether this is actually "homosexuality" in any sort of meaningful sense, or rather just adolescent experimentation and making the best of a difficult situation. However, homosexual activity among adult males does not seem to be altogether uncommon.

On the other hand, I would venture a guess that homosexual activity among adult women in Nepal is extremely rare. My wife has asked some of her closest Nepali friends about it and the mere CONCEPT just blew their minds! None of them had ever known or heard of a lesbian Nepali woman and some refused to believe that lesbianism existed ANYWHERE!

But, like I say, my information is anecdotal.

******************************************************************* Date: Sun, 23 Oct 1994 17:42:36 -0800 To: nepal@cs.niu.edu From: greerm@ucs.orst.edu (Marsha Greer) Subject: TITAR_BITAR:MISC

Hi. I am a doctoral candidate in Public Health and I will be going to Nepal as part of a scholar exchange project. My counterpart (yet unnamed) will be a member of MANUSHI. I am trying to learn what that organization is. Can anyone help? Thanks in advance if you can.

Marsha Greer greerm@ucs.orst.edu

******************************************************************* Date: 24 Oct 94 00:12:29 EDT From: Rajendra.P.Shrestha@Dartmouth.EDU (Rajendra P. Shrestha) Subject: Some News To: nepal@cs.niu.edu

SOURCE: DPA HEADLINE: black flags, stones for Prime Minister Koirala in east Nepal DATELINE: Kathmandu, Oct 20

 BODY:
    The caretaker Nepalese Prime Minister, Girija Prasad Koirala, had to face black flags and stones from protestors as he began his party's election campaign in east Nepal, reports said Thursday.

    Newspapers here reported that the prime minister, who had gone to the eastern Nepalese town of Dharan to lay the cornerstone for an Indian-aided project, was told by the Nepalese Election Commission not to indulge in "activities that would affect the outcome of the November 15 polls".

    But Koirala began pep talks to his demoralised Nepali Congress Party workers, saying the party would win enough seats in the 205-member House of Representatives to form the government on its own.

    The opposition parties, including the main ones, the United Marxist-Leninists and the National Democratic Party, have been alleging that the prime minister and other ministers were misusing government resources for election purposes.

    Black flags in protest were displayed, according to reports, near the project site by the opposition parties.

    The official news agency, RSS, also reported that a section of the opposition parties indulged in pelting the prime minister's vehicles with stones at Itahari, a major road junction near Dharan.

    RSS also reported Thursday that the vehicle of the transport minister, Khum Bahadur Khadka, alleged in newspapers to be one of the most corrupt of Koirala's ministers, was pelted with stones in his constituency in Dang, 350 kilometres southwest of here.

    Opposition to the Nepali Congress candidates is coming not only from the opposition parties but more importantly from "rebel" congressmen who have put up cadidates against the "official" candidates of the party.

    The Nepali Congress, which had 113 seats in the dissolved House of Representatives, is being predicted to secure not more than 70 seats, far short of the needed majority to form the government, in the coming elections. dpa eg
--------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: UPI HEADLINE: UML asks for postponement of Arun-3 decision DATELINE: KATMANDU, Oct.20

 BODY: The Nepal Communist Party, in a letter to World Bank President Lewis Preston, has asked the bank to defer a decision on Nepal's largest development project, the Arun-III $770 million hydroelectric dam. The bank's board is to discuss its financing of the project at a Nov. 3 meeting. The letter said a decision on the project can only be taken by a new government after the November polls. The communists, who form the main opposition in the Himalayan kingdom has circulated the letter to government agencies, embassies and donors worldwide. ''As there is a lot of controversy about the project inside and outside Nepal, we do not think that such an action by the caretaker government is appreciable,'' the letter said. The party implied that only a new government was capable of taking a decision of the project, which the party alleged the Koirala government was trying to push through hastily. The election will be a three-cornered contest between Koirala's Nepali Congress Party, the communists and the Rashtriya Prajatantra Party formed by loyalists of the former regime ousted in a popular movement in 1990.
-------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: Xinhua HEADLINE: nepali doctors threaten to quit their work DATELINE: kathmandu, october 20; ITEM NO: 1020069

 BODY:
    nepal medical association will call on all its member doctors in the country to quit their work from october 23 to protest the government's negative attitude towards the medical professionals. president of the association bhojraj joshi said that they reached the conclusion to quit after they failed to get any positive assurance from the government about the august 15 decision of the public service commission which said "the post graduate diplomas and their equivalents, except for the qualifications recognized by the tribhuvan university as masters' degree, will be treated as trainings while making evaluation for the in-service promotion." the provision is a snag hampering the career of about four hundred doctors who have obtained master's degree under one to two year post graduate diploma courses, said the association at a press conference. the association expressed the hope that the public service commission should withdraw its decision clearing the path for the promotion of the doctors employed with the government. the association also demanded that the affiliation of medical colleges with universities not having the faculty of medical science be canceled. it emphasized the need to amend the medical education act and the medical council act so as to help to better organize the medical education within the country in the future. the association has about 1,800 members and most of them are employed in the government hospitals.

******************************************************************** Date: Mon, 24 Oct 1994 16:09:32 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Punya Prasad Regmi <regmi@emailhost.ait.ac.th> Subject: MID POLL OPINION AT AIT To: The Nepal Digest <NEPAL@cs.niu.edu>

Opinion Poll (Mid-term Election 1994 - Nepal)

The peace, justice and overall growth and development of the country are obviously very common concerns of all Nepalese no matter whoever and wherever they are. It may not be an appropriate idea of blaming one of many socio-political and geo-physical factors for giving birth of the economic, socio-cultural and political crisis in the country.

With reference to Mid-term Election 1994, we have collected some opinion poll administering attached questionnaire to the sampled AITians. All the respondents have agreed that even after the restoration of democracy in 1990 the nation is still in severe crisis. According to the survey findings, the Nepali Congress
(ruling party) was responsible for all those crisis by 56.44 percent, United Marxist Leninist Party (main opposition party) by 20.43 percent, other opposition parties by 6.00 percent, monarchy by 5.53, bureaucracy by 5.00 percent, and others by 6.6 percent. More interestingly, two respondents came out with different perceptions one blaming to the socioeconomic conditions of the people and another to the nepotism for the crisis in Nepal.

Regarding the parliamentary seats likely to be won by various political parties, no one party has been found able to secure the absolute majority. Although, highest seats (88) to be won are guessed for the Nepali Congress (NC). Likewise, among the remaining seats 68 were guessed for United Marxist Leninist Party (UML), 20 for Rastriya Prajatantra Party (RPP), 7 for Samyukta Janamorcha, 6 for Nepal Sadbhawana Party (NSP), 8 for independent, 4 for Masal, 3 for Majdur Kisan Party and 1 for Ramraja's Party.

As far as the free and fair election is concerned, sampled population believed that there is a very less chance of free and fair election. Based on their responses, the chance of being free and fair election is only 46.3 percent.

According to the survey finding, no party is found to be able to secure absolute majority. It means that the next government will certainly be of coalition type. However, the majority of respondents (63 percent) thought the government of a single party is suitable to our context. While 30 percent favored for a coalition government. Interestingly remaining 7 percent respondents thought that military type of government is necessary for Nepal.

Majority of the respondents (45.8 percent) have given idea of the possible coalition between Nepali congress Party and Rastriya Prajatantra Part to form the government. The idea of respondents for all possible combinations are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Respondents' View of Possible Combination of Political
               Parties for the Coalition Government
______________________________________________ Possible Combinations Respondents (%)
_____________________________________________ NC + RPP 45.8 NC + UML 4.2 NC + NSP 4.2 NC + RPP + NSP + INDEPENDENT 12.5 UML + INDEPENDENT 4.2 NC + NSP + INDEPENDENT 8.3 NC + UML + RPP 4.2 ALL COMMUNIST PARTIES 4.2 NC + ANY OTHER 4.2 RJP + NC + UML (ANY TWO) 4.2

Majority (48 percent) of the respondents said that no one is really a popular leaders in Nepal. Only 20 percent and 12 percent of respondents mentioned that Girija Prasad Koirala and Ganesh Man Sing, respectively as the popular leader (Table 2).

Table 2: Percent of Respondents for Voting a Present Popular
               Political Leader in Nepal
________________ ___________________ Popular Leader Respondents (%)
_________________ ____________________ None 48 Girija Prasad Koirala 20 Ganesh Man Singh 12 Baburam Bhattarai 8 Monmohan Adhikari 4 Ram Chandra poudel 4 Bal Bahadur Rai 4
_______________________________________________________________ Total 100
________________________________________________________________

Regarding the next prieminister of Nepal, vast majority (70.8) percent have given the name of Girija Prasd Koirala. Whereas 16.7 percent of the respondents couldn't guess even. The rest of the percentage of respondents such as 8.3 and 4.2 have given the name of Monmohan Adhikari and Shailaja Acharay, respectively.

OPINION POLL (MID-TERM ELECTION 1994 - NEPAL)

                                 Respondent's Sex: Male [ ] Female [ ]

Dear Respondent, Could you please answer the following questions and deliver the completed one to me as soon as possible. Your cooperation will be highly appreciated. You can give it either in office (HSD, Room No. E117) or in my quarter (ST7-17) or mail to AIT Mail # 453. Sincerely yours,

Punya Prasad Regmi

Q. 1. Even after the restoration of democracy in 1990, the
               nation is still in crisis. Do you agree?
      Yes [ ] No [ ]

If yes, what share of responsibility goes to each of followings?
--------------------------------------------------------- Political Parties and Others Share of Responsibility (%)
--------------------------------------------------------- Ruling Party (NC) Main Opposition Party (UML) Other Opposition Parties Monarchy Bureaucracy Others (specify)

                Total 100

Q. 2. To what extent do you think the election will be "Free
               and Fair" ?

                100% 75% 50% 25% 0%

Q. 3. What form of government you think is appropriate?
               One Party [ ]
               Coalition [ ]

Q. 4. Please indicate the no. of parliamentary seats likely to
               be won by following political parties

                Political Party No. of Seats
        
                Nepali Congress
                Nepal Communist Party (UML)
                Rastriya Prajatantra Party
                Sanyuktta Janmorcha
                Nepal Sadbhawana Party
                Independent
                Others (specify)

                                Total 205

Q. 5. If one single party fails to get majority to form the
               government then which parties will join together to form
               the coalition government ? Please, specify the name of
               parties.

Q. 6. Among the present political leaders, whom do you think
               the most popular one? Name:
               ..............................

Q. 7. Who will be the next prieminister of Nepal? Name:
               ..................................

Q. 8. Please, tick off where did you get your high school
               education?
               Rural School [ ]
               School in District Headquarter [ ]
               School in Kathmandu Valley [ ]

Q. 9. Could you please, tick off your academic background?
               Engineering [ ]
               Science [ ]
               Social Science [ ]
               Others [ ]
                                                                                                         Thank you.

******************************************************************** Date: Mon, 24 Oct 1994 20:12:57 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: "Sanjay K. Nepal" <sanjay@emailhost.ait.ac.th> Subject: Info on IGU To: The Nepal Digest <Nepal@cs.niu.edu>

Hi!

Could someone kindly provide info on the International Geographical Union
(IGU) and its several Commissions? Your help is appreciated.

Thanks! Sanjay

************************************************************************* Date: Sat, 22 Oct 1994 15:13:48 PDT To: nepal-request@cs.niu.edu From: Ram Sharma <rams@u.washington.edu> Subject: Thanks for the good work

 Dear Rajpal ji and Friends !!!!!!! NAMASKAR !!!!!!!!

This week finally I decieded to have an E-mail account. I read some of your work, Its wonderful. All the time, some of my Nepali friends, used to tell me about the modern technology but I was very naive in computer technology. But, It is a great way to keep in touch.

I am studying to be a Physician Assistant, which is not a doctor or a nurse but in between these two level. I am going to finish my course work in July of 1995 and then one year of hospital rotation. As far as I know this is the best profession in the field of health care. University of Washington is considered a good school in many programs but for PA it is the best in US. I was very fortunate to be in this program. I like Seattle very much. It is a great place. There is a big Nepali community here in Seattle. We try to see every body at least two times a year. New year and Dassi. Everybody seems to very bussy in there work and studies. Please keep up your wonderful Job. I am really proud of all nepalies on their great work. KEEP UP.

%%%%%Editor's Note: Welcom aboard and Good luck ! %%%%%
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