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The Nepal Digest Sunday 4 Dec 94: Mangshir 18 2051 BkSm Volume 34 Issue 3
Election FLASH !
*****************************************************************************
* TND Board of Staff *
* ------------------ *
* Editor/Co-ordinator: Rajpal J. Singh a10rjs1@mp.cs.niu.edu *
* SCN Correspondent: Rajesh B. Shrestha rshresth@black.clarku.edu *
* Editing Editor: Padam P. Sharma sharma@plains.nodak.edu *
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* +++++ Food For Thought +++++ *
* "If you don't stand up for something, you will fall for anything" - Anon. *
* "Democracy perishes among the silent crowd" - Sirdar_RJS_Khalifa *
* *
*****************************************************************************
*************************************************************
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 09:11:29 -0600 (CST)
From: Padam Sharma <sharma@plains.NoDak.edu>
Subject: (Copy) WTN News 94/11/26 02:00 GMT (fwd)
To: Nepal Digest <nepal@cs.niu.edu>
Please discard this item if Gurungji has sent a copy to TND.
Padam
From:DGURUNG@clemson.edu
To: SHARMA@PLAINS.NODAK.EDU
Subject: (Copy) WTN News 94/11/26 02:00 GMT
Deutsche Presse-Agentur
November 23, 1994, Wednesday, BC Cycle
14:05 Central European Time
SECTION: International News
DATELINE: Kathmandu, Nov 23
BODY:
Mohan Adhikari, septuagenarian president of Nepal's communist party, the
United Marxist-Leninists (UML) was elected party leader Wednesday, paving the
way for King Birendra to call on him to form the country's next government.
The UML has emerged as the largest party in parliament after winning 88
seats in the 205 member house but is has been unable to secure the 103 seats
needed to form the government on its own.
In a statement issued after Wednesday's meeting, the UML urged all
political parties and political "forces" in the country to cooperate with a
future UML government.
The UML is to form a government with the support of the National
Democratic Party or else with the backing of dissident members of the
outgoing Nepal Congress Party which has won 82 seats.
The parliamentary UML comprising 69 of the newly elected members and
members of the upper house elected Adhikari as its leader at a meeting held
in the Nepalese capital.
With only one outstanding constituency result in Tuesday's polls still to
be declared, the National Democratic Party has 20 seats, the Nepal Workers
and Peasants Party four seats, the Pro-India Nepal Sadbhabana party three
seats and independents seven seats.
Mohan Adhikari, who has been largely a UML figurehead for the past three
and half years, became president of the UML when the Nepal Communist Party,
of which he was the chief, merged with the powerful Marxist-Leninists to form
the United Marxist-Leninists just prior to the elections in 1991.
Adhikari began his politics at the age of 16, taking part along with the
old Nepali Congress leaders in the "quit India" movement in India. During
this time he was imprisoned by the British for 18 months in Varanasi. He
joined the Communist Party of India in 1942 and was associated with the
party for four years.
On his return to Nepal from India in 1947, he agitated against the Rana
regime of the day and was imprisoned for three years. He was jailed for a
further three years under the partyless Panchayat dispensation from 1960 to
1967.
Adhikari's health is reported to be frail and he is said to suffer
periodically from asthma.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Nepal may turn into the world's first communist monarchy
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deutsche Presse-Agentur
November 23, 1994, Wednesday, BC Cycle
14:17 Central European Time
SECTION: International News
BYLINE: By Heinz-Rudolf Othmerding
DATELINE: New Delhi, Nov 23
BODY:
The recent success of the communists in parliamentary elections in Nepal
may well result in a political constellation previously unknown the world
over - a communist monarchy.
King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal is expected to formally hand
over the task of forming a government to the communists, the strongest
faction in Kathmandu's parliament, during the course of the week.
Mohan Adhikari, the 73-year-old President of the Nepal's communist party,
the United Marxist Leninists (UML), was elected Wednesday to head the UML
party in parliament and is being tipped for the post of prime minister.
The fact that communists are to play a decisive role in shaping the fate
of one of the poorest countries in the world has several reasons and is set
to have repercussions on political structures even beyond Nepal's borders.
The key to understanding the victory of the communists in Nepal lies
mainly in India. Since independence, the powerful neighbour has meddled in
Nepalese internal affairs and was perceived by many Nepalese as unbelievably
arrogant.
The election results may also be seen as the direct consequence of what
many saw as violations of Nepal's sovereignty by Indian authorities.
More than once, Indian policemen followed suspects well into Nepal
without official permission and even arrested them there. Nepalese goods in
transit were inordinately delayed in Calcutta several times.
Nepal has complained that the Indian Air Force illegally overflew
Nepalese territory.
Furthermore, Nepal is also contractually obliged to consult India in
matters realting to foreign policy and of military significance.
Most Nepalese say their hair stands on end whenever New Delhi speaks of
the "special relations" between the Hindu kingdom and Hindu-majority India.
Playing on such sentiments, the communist election campaign labelled
India's attitude "Big Brother behaviour" and the party announced that it
would protect against it more consequentially in future so as to preserve the
honour of Nepal.
Adhikari also promised that all contracts with India would be re-examined
and work permits made compulsory for all Indians in Nepal. Up to now, borders
between the two countries have been open and not even a passport was required
for Indians visiting Nepal.
Nepal's communists are essentially nationalist-oriented - their
radicalism manifests itself largely in launching verbal attacks on the Indian
neighbour - but in western terms they could be classified as upright social
democratic.
They promise land reforms but understand them as part of an overall
privatization package. They also accept the constitutional monarchy and all
democratic parliamentarian rules of the political game.
"Though ideals and idealism can be based on classical communism, life is
not classical," Adhikari once remarked to his supporters.
And aware that the poor Asian state will not be able to survive for long
without financial aid, the communists have also been reassuring international
funding agencies and project partners at every available opportunity.
So the ascent of the "red star over the Himalayas" may not be as dramatic
as it sounds even though it may have repercussions on the field of foreign
policy. But the cooling-off of relations with India is expected to be
balanced by an improvement in links with China.
Kathmandu's "equidistance" from both Beijing and New Delhi, as announced
by the Nepalese communist party, may lead to a stronger presence in Nepal of
- for instance - Chinese development experts.
*************************************************************************
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
From: a41590a@nucc.cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp (GP)
Why I selected the above title in this posting is clear from following
statements made by someone but the somewhere is not elsewhere,
were addressed to graduating students who are now my fellow almuni-members
of AIT Almuni association. here are the excerpts from his speech.
"The Nepal [I changed it from the word "World"]
looks upon you, my young friends,
to provide leadership and
a pool of telents and
dedicated
scientists and engineers ...........
You will have to be
a little bold and
daring because
a challenge of this
magnitude demands
courage,
foresight
and vision." ----Mr. HA,
ref. AIT REVIEW
pp.17, Vol. 33(3).
My comments:
Mr. HA , unfortunately , forgot the professionals who are so called
directly responsible peoples to make our world or nepali society, i.e.
social sciences ? Why he is so biased towards scientists and engineers...
My investigation is that he might have tired with the promises made
by our social science peopels with the public. They always blame their
failure to someone else . They can say that every problem in a society
are problem specific and large numbers of paramets , thus the blames
goes to one or several ficticious parameters . Such example is Girija
babu, who dumps his unsuccess on his intra-party or inter-party rivals.
After he is going to be elected by dumping likewise.
On the other hand,
Mr. HA knew that the scientists and engineers don't make promise beforehand,
they do it and if fails s/he will be damned forever. Thus, time has come
for the scientist and engineers to go beyond the computer screen and laser
printer or laboratory . They (Sc. and Er.) should reach to the people, puSH
the peoples like Girija babu away and hold the power to get the things
done. I think that is what he wanted to indicate.
So, you have to be a little bold and daring because a challenge of this
magnitude demands courage , foresight and vision. Shall we, or
we are going to be "latter-type Gurkha lahure" As Ashu mentioned sometime
back.
I courage flames to improve my imunity power.
Jai Nepal.
Jai Machapuchre and phewa tal.
GP
*******************************************************************
From: rshresth@black.clarku.edu (RaJesh B. Shrestha)
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
From: rturner@rainbow.rmii.com (Randall Turner)
The study on Sex and women in Nepal was fascinating. From what I saw while I
was there (and living with two families) your right on. My only question is
how Elaine actually got the women to talk about it? I found fear of pregnancy
to be one of the top concerns of the women I know and the conversation I had
led to a woman describing how much she was willing to avoid marriage because
of this.
As to the fatigue-right on. The women I saw were constatntly working! I'm glad
that this area is being explored and researched.I only wish more women in
Nepal could see it.
Carin
***********************************************************************
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 11:50:22 -0500
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Subject: Nepali word for 'butterfly'
From: atuladhar@vax.clarku.edu
In a previous article, nextug@ac.dal.ca (Christopher Majka) wrote:
>Hi folks!
>
>Could some kind soul out there tell me what the Nepali word
>for 'butterfly' is and what its possible etymology is?
>
>With thanks!
>
>Christopher Majka
>nextug@ac.dal.ca
==================
The Nepali word for "butterfly" is "putali". Lately I have read "putali" being
used to refer discreetly, a little coyly to the vulva, or the outer vaginal
area of women. I guess the etymological connection is the common source word'
"puti" or vagina in \Nepali word. For readers who would doubt this, I refer
them to pen name Vatsayana who writes a sex column in the popular Nepali
weekly, "punarjagaran".
I do not know the etymological pedigreee of "puti" and "puti_ali". I refer you
to Turner's definitive work of Nepali-English dictionary which I understand is
the best work on the Nepali linguistics available to English readers. I do not
know even if both words have "Sanskritic" origin because the "propa" sanskrit
word for vagina is "yoni". Both words, "puti" and "putali"are very popular
colloquial lexicons. "Putali" is also in popular vernacular to describe an
effigy, "putali jalaune" is burning an effigy, and, that, communists have done
to the effigy of girija ad nauseum. Perhaps, the sanskrit and nepali linguists among us
would care to enligthen us?
amulya
**************************************************************************
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 11:52:38 -0500
From: rshresth@black.clarku.edu (RaJesh B. Shrestha)
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Subject: Nepalese king calls for house majority to elect premier
KATHMANDU, Nov. 25 Kyodo
King Birendra on Friday called on members elected to the
Nepalese House of Representatives to establish a majority in the
house so that a new prime minister could be appointed.
An announcement from the royal palace said a submission claiming
such a majority should be made to the king by any member.
Birendra, who is a constitutional monarch, made the call after
official results of Nepal's general elections last Tuesday showing no
party won a clear majority were submitted to him by the national
elections commission on Thursday.
The king the same day also held consultation on the matter
with six leaders of Nepal's mainline political parties.
According to the Nepalese constitution, the king appoints the
leader of the political party with the majority of the seats in the
205-member parliament as the prime minister.
***************************************************************
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 94 11:33:12 EST
From: PSHRESTH@MIAMIU.ACS.MUOHIO.EDU
Subject: Budhanilkantha School
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
This is in response to a recent article by Mr. A. Tiwari concerning education i
n Nepal, particularly in Budhanilkantha School. Although,I found his over
all point of view reasonable, there were a few things he wrote that bother me.
He writes "...rather than create a educational heiarchy that schools like BKS
promote with taxpayers' money..... other and more important issues that the
govt. must be worried about than funding one school." Saying this would be
implying that the money provided to BKS by the govt. is somehow being "mis
used". Perhaps, you are not aware of where that money goes or how it is used
up. Being a BKS grad, I can tell you that the "taxpayers' money" goes into
providing funding for high
ly qualified students from very remote parts of Nepal
who would otherwise be certainly unable to afford a quality education. One of
the many ways to see that this money is not misused is simply to consider the
igh academic stantards achieved and maintained by BKS. To me, that sounds like
****************************************************************************
Subject: no subject (file transmission)
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 12:15:41 -0500 (EST)
Nepali king calls for end to political uncertainty
KATHMANDU, Nov. 28 Kyodo
Nepal's King Birendra repeated his call Monday for
parliamentarians to achieve majority support and end the uncertainty
over formation of a new government.
None of the 205 legislators elected to the house in the Nov. 15
polls has so far submitted to the king a list of the 103 members
needed to form a majority government despite a call by the monarch
last Friday, a royal palace announcement said.
The uncertainty should not be allowed to continue for much
longer and legislators should make a submission to the king by
Tuesday evening, the announcement added.
According to the Nepalese Constitution, the king appoints as
prime minister the leader of the political party which has the
majority of seats in the parliament.
If no one party has a clear majority in the House of
Representatives, the king can appoint as prime minister any member
who is able to command a majority with the support of two or more
parties.
Should that not happen, the leader of the party that holds the
largest number of seats in parliament is appointed premier.
The premier thus appointed should, however, obtain a vote of
confidence from the parliament within 30 days.
**********************************************************
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 11:19:20 -0600 (CST)
From: SUDEEP ACHARYA <sa01@engr15.engr.uark.edu>
Subject:
To: The Editor <nepal@cs.niu.edu>
Sameer Khati is looking for Ashish Sherchan (ex St. Xaviers, was doing
Bachelors in Kathmandu, heard to be in Texas).
If anybody knows him please e-maill to Sameer Khati
sk9999@NebrWesleyan.edu
Thank you
Sudeep Acharya
sa01@engr.uark.edu
**********************************************************************
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 13:09:09 -0500
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Subject: Nepali congress making last ditch effort to form gov't
From: rshresth@black.clarku.edu (RaJesh B. Shrestha)
KYODO NEWS INTERNATIONAL
Copyright (c), 1994 KYODO News International
1 Nov 27 12:56 Ruling NCP making last ditch effort to form gov't
12:56 Ruling NCP making last ditch effort to form gov't
KATHMANDU, Nov. 27 Kyodo
The ruling Nepali Congress Party (NCP) is making a last-ditch
effort to form the kingdom's next government in coalition with
opposition parties, NCP spokesman Taranath Ranabhat said Sunday.
NCP leaders, who held consultations with the opposition parties
on a possible coalition, apprised elected party members of progress
made in the talks at a meeting.
Ranabhat told reporters afterward that NCP leader Ramchandra
Poudel had held talks with the Nepal Communist Party Unified
Marxist-Leninist (NCP-UML), while lawmaker Sher Bahadur Deuba held
negotiations with the National Democratic Party (NDP) on the matter.
The NCP-UML won 88 seats, the largest number, and the NDP got
20 seats in Nepal's 205-member House of Representatives in last
week's general elections. The NCP won 83 seats.
The NCP-UML has rejected an invitation made by the NCP to join
it in a coalition government, the spokesman said.
The NCP-UML has remained steadfast in its position of forming
Nepal's next minority government on its own.
Ranabhat said talks were underway with the center-right NDP for
a coalition government with some progress reported.
For its part, the NDP has publicly stated the party will opt to
be in the opposition though it may not loose sight of the need of
maintaining stability.
Ranamhat said the NCP might still take three to four days
before it gives up trying to form the next government.
Should the NCP fail, King Birendra will invoke Clause 2, Article
42 of the Nepalese Constitution and call on the leader of
parliament's largest party to form the next government.
The NCP-UML has already elected Man Mohan Adhikari as its
leader in the house.
Ranabhat said the NCP is not in a hurry to choose its new
leader to replace Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala.
**********************************************************************
From: Darshan Rauniyar <darshan@smtpmail.orcad.com>
To: Nepal Digest-Contributions <nepal@cs.niu.edu>
Subject: Nepal may turn into the world's first communist monarchy
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 94 10:58:00 PST
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nepal may turn into the world's first communist monarchy
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deutsche Presse-Agentur
November 23, 1994, Wednesday, BC Cycle
14:17 Central European Time
SECTION: International News
BYLINE: By Heinz-Rudolf Othmerding
DATELINE: New Delhi, Nov 23
BODY:
The recent success of the communists in parliamentary elections in Nepal
may well result in a political constellation previously unknown the world
over - a communist monarchy.
King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal is expected to formally hand
over the task of forming a government to the communists, the strongest
faction in Kathmandu's parliament, during the course of the week.
Mohan Adhikari, the 73-year-old President of the Nepal's communist
party,
the United Marxist Leninists (UML), was elected Wednesday to head the UML
party in parliament and is being tipped for the post of prime minister.
The fact that communists are to play a decisive role in shaping the fate
of one of the poorest countries in the world has several reasons and is set
to have repercussions on political structures even beyond Nepal's borders.
The key to understanding the victory of the communists in Nepal lies
mainly in India. Since independence, the powerful neighbour has meddled in
Nepalese internal affairs and was perceived by many Nepalese as unbelievably
arrogant.
The election results may also be seen as the direct consequence of what
many saw as violations of Nepal's sovereignty by Indian authorities.
More than once, Indian policemen followed suspects well into Nepal
without official permission and even arrested them there. Nepalese goods in
transit were inordinately delayed in Calcutta several times.
Nepal has complained that the Indian Air Force illegally overflew
Nepalese territory.
Furthermore, Nepal is also contractually obliged to consult India in
matters realting to foreign policy and of military significance.
Most Nepalese say their hair stands on end whenever New Delhi speaks of
the "special relations" between the Hindu kingdom and Hindu-majority India.
Playing on such sentiments, the communist election campaign labelled
India's attitude "Big Brother behaviour" and the party announced that it
would protect against it more consequentially in future so as to preserve
the
honour of Nepal.
Adhikari also promised that all contracts with India would be
re-examined
and work permits made compulsory for all Indians in Nepal. Up to now,
borders
between the two countries have been open and not even a passport was
required
for Indians visiting Nepal.
Nepal's communists are essentially nationalist-oriented - their
radicalism manifests itself largely in launching verbal attacks on the
Indian
neighbour - but in western terms they could be classified as upright social
democratic.
They promise land reforms but understand them as part of an overall
privatization package. They also accept the constitutional monarchy and all
democratic parliamentarian rules of the political game.
"Though ideals and idealism can be based on classical communism, life is
not classical," Adhikari once remarked to his supporters.
And aware that the poor Asian state will not be able to survive for long
without financial aid, the communists have also been reassuring
international
funding agencies and project partners at every available opportunity.
So the ascent of the "red star over the Himalayas" may not be as
dramatic
as it sounds even though it may have repercussions on the field of foreign
policy. But the cooling-off of relations with India is expected to be
balanced by an improvement in links with China.
Kathmandu's "equidistance" from both Beijing and New Delhi, as announced
by the Nepalese communist party, may lead to a stronger presence in Nepal of
- for instance - Chinese development experts.
Up to now, the government of the now-defeated Congress always went to
great lengths to alleviate India's fears of too strong a Chinese influence
on
the strategically-important Himalayan kingdom. The communists will be spared
the trouble of having to do so.
*****************************************************************************
From: rshresth@black.clarku.edu (RaJesh B. Shrestha)
Subject: no subject (file transmission)
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 16:56:29 -0500 (EST)
Ruling NCP fails in its bid to form gov't
KATHMANDU, Nov. 28 Kyodo
The ruling Nepali Congress Party (NCP), which was behind the
opposition communist party in the midterm polls of Nov. 15, said
Monday it failed in its bid to form the kingdom's next government.
The NCP made the announcement after it failed in its efforts to
win support of the right-wing National Democratic Party (NDP) to
form a coalition government.
The NDP had emerged as the third largest party with 20 seats in
the midterm polls called by Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala.
The NCP won 83 seats while the opposition Nepal Communist Party
Unified Marxist-Leninist (NCP-UML) won 88 seats.
NCP spokesman Taranath Ranabhat said after day-long hectic
consultations with the opposition parties that the ruling party has
now decided to sit in the opposition.
''NCP's talks with other mainline parties in forming the next
government has failed,'' he said.
The NCP's failure to form Nepal's next government has cleared
the deck for the NCP-UML which is set to form a minority government
on the strength of its being the single largest party of the
Nepalese parliament.
The NCP-UML government will be headed by its president
Manmonhan Adhikari who was elected the party's leader last week.
According to the Nepalese constitution, Adhikari will be
required to obtain a vote of confidence of the 205-member parliament
within 30 days.
Meanwhile, King Birendra Monday repeated his call for the new
legislators to come forward with majority support so that they can
be asked to form the next government.
The king set a deadline of Tuesday afternoon for submission of
a request to be called on by the king to form a new government.
If no such submission is made within the stipulated time, the
king will ask the leader of the largest party in parliament to form
the next government.
Adhikari, 74, said after his election as leader of the NCP-UML
that he will seek support of other political parties in parliament
t
o maintain political stability in the 20-million strong kingdom.
******************************************************************
Date: 28 Nov 94 18:23:52 EST
From: Rajendra.P.Shrestha@Dartmouth.EDU (Rajendra P. Shrestha)
Subject: Corrections to list of winners
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Here's some more corections in the list of final winners I posted some
days back. Thanks to Keshab dai for pointing out these errors.
1. In Tanahu, there are only three constituencies. Surya Thapa did not
win from there.
2. In Dhanusha the winner was Ram Lakhan Mahat,not Shail Lakhan Mahat.
3. In Dolpa (missing), a NC dissident won but I'm not sure of the
name. If anyone knows, please let me know.
4. In Salyan, the winner was Chhabiprasad, not Rabiprasad.
5. Lokendra B. Chand (Baitadi) is from RPP.
************************************************************************
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 1994 09:05:47 +0700 (GMT+0700)
From: Karma Rana <karma@emailhost.ait.ac.th>
To: NEPAL@cs.niu.edu
Subject: JAN_KARI : Classifieds
Subject: FACULTY POSITION IN ECOLOGY, TROPICAL FORESTRY AND AGROFORESTRY
Please kindly share this information with anyone interested. For additional
information contact Karma Rana <karma@emailhost.ait.ac.th>. Information
regarding the Asian Institute of Technology is available via gopher or web
at emailhost.ait.ac.th
FACULTY POSITION IN ECOLOGY, TROPICAL FORESTRY AND AGROFORESTRY
The Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), founded in 1959, is an
autonomous, international institution of postgraduate studies located in
Bangkok, Thailand. The Institute offers degree and non-degree certificate
programs in engineering, related sciences, planning and management through
its four School, three Academic and two Outreach Centers.
The Institute is recruiting a faculty member for a position in Natural
Resources Planning & Management, one of the 15 units of its School of
Environment, Resources and Development. The faculty will be teaching and
developing courses, including ecology, tropical forestry and agroforestry,
and help to put in place and operate a collaborative & interdisciplinary
overlay in eco- restructuring, jointly with faculty colleagues in regional
planning, agricultural systems and environmental remote sensing &
geoinformation. The appointee will also be expected to venture into
research as well as outreach activities, and guide Master's and doctoral
degree students in their multidisciplinary team planning projects known as
practica, individual thesis or dissertation research, or Master's degree
research study.
Requirements include a doctorate with specializations in ecology, forestry
and agroforestry, at least two years experience in teaching and curriculum
design, experience in ecologically sound silviculture, forest restoration
or multiple- use resource management. Training in tropical forestry and
working experience in the Asia-Pacific region are desirable.
Experience/interest in social implications of forest development and
agroforestry will be an asset.
An appointment will be made at the rank of Assistant or Associate
Professor, depending upon qualification and professional experience. The
initial appointment will be for two years, with a possibility of renewal.
The salary is commensurate with qualifications. Income tax on salary drawn
from the Institute is paid by the Institute to the Royal Thai Government.
Applications with a resume, names of three referees and the approximate
date by which the applicant would be available should be sent to: The Vice
President for Academic Affairs, Asian Institute of Technology, G.P.O. Box
2754, Bangkok 10501, Thailand. Or via email to Karma Rana
<karma@emailhost.ait.ac.th>
The closing date is 1 April 1995.
28-11-94
*******************************************************************
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 23:06:13 -0500 (EST)
From: Anna V Paskal <avpF93@hamp.hampshire.edu>
Subject: current news/Arun Hydro project
To: NEPAL@cs.niu.edu
Appeal for Information Regarding the Proposed Arun River Hydro-Electric
project
I am looking for any news relating to the Arun River Hydro Project. If
anyone knows anything ( implications, concerns, timeline of project,
possibilities, Bank approval, options, etc...), please write to me at:
apaskal@newhamp. hampshire. edu
I just found out about The Nepal Digest, so I missed the related discussions
which must have taken place. I would appreciate any information or
comments, no matter how trivial or seemingly obvious.
Thank You All,
Anna Paskal
P.S.: Is anyone out there actually involved in the project (pro or con)?
***************************************************************************8
From: rshresth@black.clarku.edu (RaJesh B. Shrestha)
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
From: pavitra@euler.maths.monash.edu.au (S Pavithran)
Deutsche Presse-Agentur
November 23, 1994, Wednesday, BC Cycle
14:05 Central European Time
SECTION: International News
LENGTH: 640 words
HEADLINE: Septuagenarian elected leader of communists in Nepal parliament
DATELINE: Kathmandu, Nov 23
BODY:
Mohan Adhikari, septuagenarian president of Nepal's communist party, the
United Marxist-Leninists (UML) was elected party leader Wednesday, paving the
way for King Birendra to call on him to form the country's next government.
The UML has emerged as the largest party in parliament after winning 88
seats in the 205 member house but is has been unable to secure the 103 seats
needed to form the government on its own.
In a statement issued after Wednesday's meeting, the UML urged all politicalparties and political "forces" in the country to cooperate with a future UML
government.
The UML is to form a government with the support of the National Democratic Party or else with the backing of dissident members of the outgoing Nepal
Congress Party which has won 82 seats.
The parliamentary UML comprising 69 of the newly elected members and membersof the upper house elected Adhikari as its leader at a meeting held in the
Nepalese capital.
With only one outstanding constituency result in Tuesday's polls still to bedeclared, the National Democratic Party has 20 seats, the the Nepal Workers and Peasants Party four seats, the Pro- India Nepal Sadbhabana party three seats
and independents seven seats.
Mohan Adhikari, who has been largely a UML figurehead for the past three andhalf years, became president of the UML when the Nepal Communist Party, of whichhe was the chief, merged with the powerful Marxist-Leninists to form the United
Marxist-Leninists just prior to the elections in 1991.
Adhikari began his politics at the age of 16, taking part along with the oldNepali Congress leaders in the "quit India" movement in India. During this
time he was imprisoned by the British for 18 months in Varanasi. He joined the
Communist Party of India in 1942 and was associated with the party for four
years.
On his return to Nepal from India in 1947, he agitated against the the
Rana regime of the day and was imprisoned for three years. He was jailed for a
further three years under the partyless Panchayat dispensation from 1960 to
1967.
Adhikari's health is reported to be frail and he is said to suffer
periodically from asthma. dpa mb
Deutsche Presse-Agentur
November 23, 1994, Wednesday, BC Cycle
14:17 Central European Time
SECTION: International News
LENGTH: 1160 words
HEADLINE: Nepal may turn into the world's first communist monarchy
BYLINE: By Heinz-Rudolf Othmerding
DATELINE: New Delhi, Nov 23
BODY:
The recent success of the communists in parliamentary elections in Nepal maywell result in a political constellation previously unknown the world over - a
communist monarchy.
King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal is expected to formally hand overthe task of forming a government to the communists, the strongest faction in
Kathmandu's parliament, during the course of the week.
Mohan Adhikari, the 73-year-old President of the Nepal's communist party,
the United Marxist Leninists (UML), was elected Wednesday to head the UML party in parliament and is being tipped for the post of prime minister.
The fact that communists are to play a decisive role in shaping the fate of one of the poorest countries in the world has several reasons and is set to haverepercussions on political structures even beyond Nepal's borders.
The key to understanding the victory of the communists in Nepal lies mainly in India. Since independence, the powerful neighbour has meddled in Nepalese
internal affairs and was perceived by many Nepalese as unbelievably arrogant.
The election results may also be seen as the direct consequence of what manysaw as violations of Nepal's sovereignty by Indian authorities.
More than once, Indian policemen followed suspects well into Nepal without
official permission and even arrested them there. Nepalese goods in transit wereinordinately delayed in Calcutta several times.
Nepal has complained that the Indian Air Force illegally overflew Nepalese
territory.
Furthermore, Nepal is also contractually obliged to consult India in
matters realting to foreign policy and of military significance.
Most Nepalese say their hair stands on end whenever New Delhi speaks of the "special relations" between the Hindu kingdom and Hindu-majority India.
Playing on such sentiments, the communist election campaign labelled
India's attitude "Big Brother behaviour" and the party announced that it wouldprotect against it more consequentially in future so as to preserve the honour
of Nepal.
Adhikari also promised that all contracts with India would be re-examined and work permits made compulsory for all Indians in Nepal. Up to now, borders
between the two countries have been open and not even a passport was required
for Indians visiting Nepal.
Nepal's communists are essentially nationalist-oriented - their radicalism
manifests itself largely in launching verbal attacks on the Indian neighbour -
but in western terms they could be classified as upright social democratic.
They promise land reforms but understand them as part of an overall
privatization package. They also accept the constitutional monarchy and all
democratic parliamentarian rules of the political game.
"Though ideals and idealism can be based on classical communism, life is notclassical," Adhikari once remarked to his supporters.
And aware that the poor Asian state will not be able to survive for long
without financial aid, the communists have also been reassuring international
funding agencies and project partners at every available opportunity.
So the ascent of the "red star over the Himalayas" may not be as dramatic asit sounds even though it may have repercussions on the field of foreign policy. But the cooling-off of relations with India is expected to be balanced by an
improvement in links with China.
Kathmandu's "equidistance" from both Beijing and New Delhi, as announced by the Nepalese communist party, may lead to a stronger presence in Nepal of - for instance - Chinese development experts.
Up to now, the government of the now-defeated Congress always went to great lengths to alleviate India's fears of too strong a Chinese influence on the
strategically-important Himalayan kingdom. The communists will be spared the
trouble of having to do so. dpa mb
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
LOAD-DATE-MDC: November 23, 1994
*************************************************************************
Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 23:45:25 -0500
From: rshresth@black.clarku.edu (RaJesh B. Shrestha)
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Subject: Nepalese king calls for house majority to elect premier
Frankly, I do not know what the Nepal Constitution says, but the King's action
is decidedly biased against the UML who claim that according to the
Constitution Article 42 something, if there is no clear cut majority, he
should invite leader of the party with the most members. Indeed this is the
parliamentary norm practiced in many parliamentary democracies including India
and Israel. He is being disproportionately partial to Nepal i congress which
has not even elected a leader of the Parliamentary committee while the UML did
even before the 205 elction results was in. There is all this politically
modtivated halla that coalition minority govt is unstable, just as the
congress tried to scare the Nepali public that voting against Nc was voting
for instability, well it is the NC that is a paragon of instability and the
Nepali people can see that. We have to condemn the king's action and his
penchant to rule over the soveriegn rights of the people and his wish to tally
with the conservative forces instead of being a constitutional king of ALL
n
epalese.
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