Received: from mp.cs.niu.edu (mp.cs.niu.edu [131.156.1.2]) by library.wustl.edu (8.6.12/8.6.9) with SMTP id QAA09853 for <huestis@library.wustl.edu>; Fri, 5 May 1995 16:58:10 -0500 Received: by mp.cs.niu.edu id AA11660 (5.67b/IDA-1.5 for nepal-dist); Fri, 5 May 1995 13:53:19 -0500 Received: by mp.cs.niu.edu id AA11654 (5.67b/IDA-1.5 for nepal-list); Fri, 5 May 1995 13:53:17 -0500 Date: Fri, 5 May 1995 13:53:17 -0500 Message-Id: <199505051853.AA11654@mp.cs.niu.edu> Reply-To: The Nepal Digest <NEPAL@cs.niu.edu> From: The Editor <nepal-request@cs.niu.edu> Sender: "Rajpal J. Singh" <A10RJS1@cs.niu.edu> Subject: The Nepal Digest - May 5, 1995 (22 Baishakh 2052 BkSm) To: <NEPAL@cs.niu.edu> Content-Type: text Content-Length: 60898 Status: O X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 131
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The Nepal Digest Friday 5 May 95: Baishakh 22 2051 BkSm Volume 38 Issue 3
******************************************************************************
* TND Board of Staff *
* ------------------ *
* Editor/Co-ordinator: Rajpal J. Singh a10rjs1@mp.cs.niu.edu *
* SCN Liaison: Rajesh B. Shrestha rshresth@black.clarku.edu *
* Consultant Editor: Padam P. Sharma sharma@plains.nodak.edu *
* TND Archives: Sohan Panta k945184@atlas.kingston.ac.uk *
* Book Reviews Columns: Pratyoush R. Onta ponta@sas.upenn.edu *
* News Correspondent Rajendra P Shrestha rajendra@dartmouth.edu *
* *
* +++++ Food For Thought +++++ *
* *
* "If you don't stand up for something, you will fall for anything" -Dr. MLK *
* "Democracy perishes among the silent crowd" - Sirdar Khalifa *
* *
******************************************************************************
**********************************************************************
Date: Mon, 1 May 1995 22:23:35 -0400
From: rshresth@black.clarku.edu (RaJesh B. Shrestha)
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Subject: INformation on KU- 1
Cross-posted from SCN:
---------------------
>Date: Sun, 16 Apr 1995 14:15:28 +0300 (IDT)
>From: Roshan Shrestha <roshan@bgumail.bgu.ac.il>
>To: spokhare@systems.watstar.uwaterloo.ca
>Cc: Roshan Shrestha <roshan@bgumail.bgu.ac.il>
>Subject: Re: Request for B.Sc. course of KTM Univ
>>
>> Dear Pokharelji,
>>
>> Thank you for your information on KTM University in TND. Actually I was
>> looking for the information on courses of the University. Would you send
>> me the B.Sc. course of biology of KTM university.
>> Thank you.
>>
>> Roshan Shrestha
>> Ben-Gurion University
>> Israel
>>
>
Dear Roshan Shrestha,
I have not been able to locate the course on general biology in the bulletin I
have received but there are course listings for Biotechnoloty and
Environmental Science Orientation as indicated in the following:
first year common to engineering and science (not all the course may be
required for both degrees)
Semester 1
Calculus and Linear Algebra
Mechanics and Optics
General Chemistry
Engineering/Science project
Computer Foundation
Digital Logic
Communication Skills I
Semester 2
Statistics and probability
General Biology
Electricity and Magnetism
Physics Laboratory I
Engineering/Science project II
Introduction to structured programming
Communication Skills
Orientation in Pharmacy
Year 2
Semester 1
Fundamentals of ecology
General physiology
Biology Practical
STatistical Analysis
Reaction mechanism and stereochemistry
Chem Lab I
Semester 2
Cell biology
Genetics
Biochemistry
Microbiology
Biology practical
Organic Chemistry
Quantitative analysis
Year 3 for Biotechnology Option
Semester 1
Molecular Biology
Biology Practical
Two electives
Instrumental Analysis
Instrumental Analysis Lab
Economics
Semester2
Physical and Chemical Properties of biomolecules
Bioprocess principles
Biology practical
Electives (two)
Business Adminstration
Year 3 for Environmental Science Orientation
Semester 1
Natural Resource Conservation
Two Electives
Biology Practical
Instrumental Analysis and its lab
Economics
Semester 2
Soil
Range ecosystem management
two electives
Biology Practical
Business Administration
Year 4 Biotech
Semester 1
Bioseparation
Three electives
Biology Practical
Entrepreneurship development I
Semester 2
Enzyme Scinece and Engineering
One elective
Enter. dev. II
Project
Year 4 Environmental Sc.
Semester 1
Watershed management
rest as biotech except the first one
Semester 2
Forest silvics and management
Rest as biotech except the first one.
I hope it helps. Please do not hesitate to contact them if you require more
information on this. Good luck.
**************************************************************************
Date: Mon, 1 May 1995 22:24:07 -0400
From: rshresth@black.clarku.edu (RaJesh B. Shrestha)
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Subject: Information on KU - 2
Cross-posted from SCN:
---------------------
>Date: Mon, 17 Apr 1995 22:08 0000
>From: JONCHHYB@snyalfva.cc.alfredtech.edu
>To: SPOKHARE@SYSTEMS.WATSTAR.UWATERLOO.CA
>Subject: KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
>
>I WAS VERY PLEASED TO READ ABOUT THE PROGRESS OF KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
>IN A RELATIVELY SHORT PERIOD. I WOULD APPRECIATE IT VERY MUCH IF YOU
>COULD SEND ME SOME MORE INFORMATION INCLUDING THE COURSE LISTING. I
>WISH TO EXPLORE IF I CAN CONTRIBUTE IN ANY CAPACITY.
>SINCERELY,
>YOGENDRA B. JONCHHE
>
Thanks for your e-mail.
Please let me know what specific information serves your purpose. The
Kathmandu University should be able to answer your queries. The administration
would be glad to send you the bulletin and other specific information. It
would be a great help for the University if you could contribute in any
capacity.
I have included the course listing for Mechanical Engineering which offers two
options
Mechanical Systems Design
Mechanical Production and Production Planning
The courses are:
Engineering MEchanics
Strength of Materials
Machine elements I and II
Material and Process I and II
Engineering Thermodynamics
Project: product development
Mechanical Engineering
Fluid Mechanics
Welding Technology
Production Engineering
Refrigeration Engineering
Maintenance Engineering
Laboratories and Projects
Manufacturing Systems
Mechanical production and production plannig
,, ,, ,, ,, projects
Mechanical systems Design
,, ,, projects.
These courses are taught in the from the second year only. The first year
courses are common to all engineering and science.
I hope it helps.
Sincerely
Shaligram
***********************************************************************
Date: Mon, 1 May 1995 22:24:40 -0400
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Subject: HIMALAYAN EXPERIENCE series at Berkeley
From: rbgupta@matahari.CChem.Berkeley.EDU (Ram B. Gupta)
THE HIMALAYAN EXPERIENCE
Lecture and Slide Show at UC Berkeley.
School for Independent Study of South Asia and University of California
Berkeley announce the HIMALAYAN EXPERIENCE lecture and slide show. The
areas covered are: Nepal, India, Bhutan, Tibet, and Pakistan. Experts in these
areas will present the show.
Lecturers are: Edwin Bernbaum (author of Sacred
Mountains of the World, and The Way to Shambhala); Vijaya Nagarajan;
Brent Olson; Tom Cole (trekked Mount Everest seven times); Kathryn L. Levenson
(founder and director of TOP GUIDES).
Time: Wednesdays, 7:30-9:00 pm, from May 3 to May 31, 1995.
Location: Dwinelle Hall, Room 155,UC Berkeley.
Tickets: $40 for whole series; $8 for individual lectures;
$10 for course book.
Contact: S.I.S.S.A. at (510) 835-6156.
**********************************************************************
Date: Tue, 2 May 1995 00:55 EST
From: ATULADHAR@vax.clarku.edu
Subject: Re: The Nepal Digest - May 1, 1995 (18 Baishakh 2052 BkSm)
To: NEPAL@cs.niu.edu
ENVIRONMENT AND SANSKRIT: WRONG QUESTIONS AND WRONG ANSWERS
============================================================
This is in response to some discussions of environmental degradation and
cultural degradation represented by arguments put forward by Prabigya Regmi
and Hridesh Bajracharya. I believe they are asking wrong questions that
supply wrong answers by masquerading ideological biases as neutral,
unquestioned, normals "facts" for Prabigya and "humanistic rationality" of
Hridesh.
For instance, all of Prabigya's so-called environmental facts list countless
biophysical "facts" loaded with blaming the victim of the mountain people and
their "trampling goats". His arguments are completely uninformed by contesting
explanations of environmental degradation as intimately linked with the
process of underdevelopment both at global scales and local hierarchical
scales as well to the unquestioned path of "development and modernization" in
which Nepal like much of the third world is lunging forward. Some of these
critiques posit that so-called environmental problems are created and
constructed by those who are trying to legitimize their intervention and
control of other people's lives and environment. For a start on Nepal's
environmental degradation, I urge motivated individuals to give a glance to
books such as "land degradatin and society" a germinal text of political
ecology that uses Nepal's environmental "crises" as a crises of explanatin.
Similarly, arguments such as that articulated by Hridesh and other advocates
of the "harmonious, melting point pool of amity that is Nepal" suffer from
intellectual slavery to old constructs of Nepal as a state as something of
unquestionable good. The theory of state as an unquestionable good is now
challenged not only by left intellectuals that posit it an intermediary
institutions that renders efficient the surplus extraction from the
agricultural economy but also my neo-liberals that see the state as an
obstruction to the march of universal humanistic values and free markets. The
strength of Nepali and Sanskrit is built on the arguments that it is a lingua
franca that promotes national harmony, which is nothing more than the
reproduction of the unequal relations of power without cultural revolt by the
oppressed. It is interesting that most of the alarm of cultural conflict is
propagated by individuals located in the social space of the exploiting class
which in nepal translates to the "elite castes".
I find laughable the notion of the great of Sanskrit as the mother languange
of the other languange and how this has unique access to great tantrik
imaginations or hidden scientific truths which only the industrious germans
have unearthed to make "Luft hansa= hidden duck". Any serious student of
linguistics, semiotics and history reject the essentialist claim of science in
providing privileged access to mysterious insights. All languages canhave
equal claims, hebrew, latin greek just to name a few. Such mystical powers of
language can be analyzed to a unique product of a particular community of
semiotic meanings mediated by a particular history and geography and they do
not have any access to some universal truths as Hridesh would seem to argue.
Most of the arguments for sanskrit rests on a dualistc argument of contrasting
the difference with the other: sanskrit is what other languanges are not, so
any legitimacy of other languange and cultures are seena as zero sum cultural
wars against of sanskrit as a hegemonistics discourse deployed by the ruling
class in |Nepalese history.
Amulya Tuladhar
Clark University
**********************************************************************
Date: Tue, 2 May 95 10:16:39 -0400
From: "Biswamber L. Shresta" <bshresta@rtc.gov>
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Subject: Thank You. . .
Dear Rajpalji,
Namaste!
I just wanted to thank you and other TND board of staff for the wonderful job
you are doing...I have been reading TND regularly and I enjoy it very much. I
have been getting a lot out of it.
Specially, I like to extend my gartitude to Padam P Sharma, who introduced me
to TND. I like to get to know about SCN also, but I don't know whom to
contact. I will appreciate if you could help.
I am from Washington, D.C. - a resident of The United States.
Thank You again!
--BL Shresta
bshresta@rtc.gov
******************************************************************************
From: sgautam@neoucom.EDU (Shiva P. Gautam)
Subject: Environment
To: NEPAL@cs.niu.edu
Date: Tue, 2 May 1995 11:51:07 -0400 (EDT)
Environment in Nepal has been an issue and some good ideas has been posted
on the TND. However, it seems that in search of revolutionary ideas people
have forgotten or did not think of a simple idea that would help a lot.
Introduce the subject early in school so that the children can understand
what is at stake, how people and nature arround us are tied together. When
I was growing up I did not care about these things, no body told me
anything. My three years old son hugs a tree whenever he finds a chance
to do so (he learned it from TV shows). Making enviorenmental issues one
of the compulsory chapter or subchapter in social studies and showing
some experiments (like how plastics do not rot and papers rot etc ..
the environmental scientists have to design such experiments, as such visual
effects are long lasting and more convincing) could be a good start.
***************************************************************
Date: Wed, 19 Apr 1995 21:05:41 EDT
Subject: Nepalese in Philly
From: Manoj Pradhan (thabick@ets.org)
Date: April 19, 1995
RE: NEPALESE IN PHILLY
Hello Rajesh,
I don't know you personally but I would be grateful if you could give me the
email addresses or phone nos. of any Nepalese living in the Philadelphia
area. I am eager to see or talk with them. Since I came here 8 months ago, I
have not seen or met any Nepalese.
Please respond to the address above.
Thanks!
Manoj
***********************************************************************
Date: Sat, 22 Apr 1995 18:13:55 EDT
To: The Editor <nepal-request@cs.niu.edu>
From: mahesh maskey <mmaskey@acs.bu.edu>
Subject: Remembering Parijat....
Dear TND readers,
The month of Baishakh not only brings us greetings of new year from
friends and loved ones, it also brings the memory of a great literary
personality, an agitator par excellence for women's cause, and an advocate
of radical socio-political change - PARIJAT. Parijat died in Baishakh 5,
2050 (April 20,1993). And probably she was born in the month of Baishakh
too ( There is some controversy about her birth date as there is no
documented evidence for that. Her relatives including her sister Sukanya
hold that it should be in the month of Baishakh because the flower
INDRAKAMAL blooms in Darjeeling at this time. When Parijat was born, her
older relatives still recall, Indrakamal was blooming everywhere in the
'Lingia Tea estate', Darjeeling , her birthplace.).
A 400 page compilation of memoirs, reflections, critiques and evaluation
of Parijat's life and work - PARIJAT SMRITI GRANTH - has been published by
Parijat Memorial Center ( edited by Ninu Chapagain and Khagendra Sangraula).
Most of the prominent singnatures in Nepali literatures have, with their
insights on her life and work, contributed in making of this volume.
It is indeed a remarkable achievement and a 'must read' for all those who
are interested in Nepali literature.
For TND readers I have tried to present excerpts from the memoirs of 3
non-nepali contributors - Britta ,Margaret and Ingrid . I hope these will
provide a glipse of Parijat as she is looked from their eyes. With Margaret
Sands and Jennifer Smith I too believe Parijat should be heard not only
in Nepal but the world over. Untill now foreign reader have access only
to "Blue Mimosa" (or Shirish Ko Phool), a Madan Puraskar winner novel.
But that is just one and not all of her works( she has produced 3 collection
of poems, 4 collection of short stories, 10 novels, 3 memoirs, 1 essay
collection in book form). In fact when Parijat started identifying herself with
the aspiration of the working people's struggle for liberation, she was not
very fond of this work. Though acclaimed as a masterpeice among her work by
many,and acknowledged as a philosophical expression of existentialism by
progressive critics like Govinda Bhatta and Chaitanya, it was strongly
criticized by the latter and the progressive camp for the same reason and in
the same vein they criticize the reactionary aspect of existentialism ie. the
moral void, absurdity of universe, legitimization of frustation (nissartabad)
individualism, alienation and escapism from real undercurrents of
life. In one of the interview published at that time she is quoted of saying
something like" you may burn this work because it has hardly any utility for
the working masses." But in her last years her attitude had softened and she
had asked for reevaluation of Shirish Ko Phool. Even then she did not give
permission for its Japanese translation. Whatever the reason may be, it
would not serve justice to Parijat's literary dimensions to be evaluated
by only this work which she herself had not held in high esteem. Progressive
critics like Ninu chapagain hold that her later works, when she takes up
revolutionary stance, like 'Anido Pahad Sangai' surpass her earlier works both
in content and artistic forms. Dr Bashudev Tripathi a reknowned scholar in
nepali literature divides Parijat's life and work in three stages and argues
that in each of these stages Parijat has produced literature of immense
significance and urges reader to understand Parijat in totality. For another
Scholor Krishna Chandra Singh Pradhan , her novel "Boni" is a true
synthesis and masterwork which assimilates both earlier and later Parijat.
I hope students of literature will someday introduce Parijat's work to the
foreign readership more comprehensively , as a reaffirmation of the
conviction that fountain of literary creativity is as live and
surging in Nepal as anywhere in the world.
Mahesh
4/22/1995
Excerpts taken from the memoirs published in Parijat Smriti Granth, 1994.
HEART IN FLAMES
-Britta Stovling
Reclining on her couch Parijat is the center of the room of the house.
She is the hub of a wheel, of a swastika. Or rather, there are two sun
wheels in the house, Parijat and Sukanya, the sisters around whom relatives
and visitors, adults and children and animals move.
I arrive into Nepal from India, from Bangladesh, from Pakistan or from
China. I leave Nepal for Burma, Thailand, or Malaysia. Nepal stays
closest to my heart. She has given me a sense of deep belonging.
The crystal mountains! I say. I cried for awe and joy when one morning I
opened the wooden shutters and for the first time saw Machhapuchhre. I find
the Nepalese people gentle and generous, civil and civilized. I say.
Parijat looks at me as if I am very naive.
Parijat tells me about persecution, royal and governmental corruption,
about lack of human rights, about dire poverty. (Later, I will
learn more than I ever wanted to know about the manhandling of the
country and her women.)
"You remind me of Queen Victoria" I say, "however petite you are. Her
prime minister complained that Her Majesty talked to him as to a crowd."
Parijat laughs. Her wit is swift and incisive.
On march 8. The international Women's Day, 1990. Parijat talks to a crowd,
ie.. a large group of female students and prominent women, at the Padma
Kanya Campus. Again, She is the hub of the wheel, with her authority, her
scorn and her wit.
All the talkers protest against the inferior status of women in Nepal, and
agains the horrible rapes and murder of female students in Pokhara on
february 12 by a soldier mob.
The rooftops around the campus are covered with people, friends and foes.
Outside is waiting a compact wall of heavily armed soldiers, even female,
as is expecting a terrorist attack. when we pour out the gates several
women are arrested, forced to climb a lorry, in their saris, forced to sit
down. Male soldiers follow and, building a barrier with their standing
bodies, they hide the women from us.
A few days later, during that spring of bloody and courageous upheaval
for democracy in Nepal, Parijat partakes in a demonstration. She demands
to get arrested by a female police. She is refused.......
My pen refuses to write about Parijat in the past tense.
PARIJAT: THE FLOWER WHOSE ROOTS BREAK THE ROCKS
-Margaret sands
I remember the afternoon well. We sat together in Parijat's pleasant
room in the compound of her sister, Sukanya Baiba's school and home. Outside,
the school children played and the sounds of their voices reminded us
that the work we do in the present is a commitment to the future.
Even then I was aware that for Parijat to receive me required great
effort . her frail health made it difficult for her to be comfortable.
But at the same time I recognized an indomitable strength, a combination
of fragility and power. As we spoke, first about the human rights work so
important to her and then, later, about her writing, I understood her as
an artist who does not separate her aesthetic creativity from the
integrity of living a life of ultimate commitment for the benefit of
others. She mentioned a poem she had written which employed the metaphor
of the flower and the rock - the flower growing out of the rock. I remember
saying to her that it was the coincidence of the two, and the miracle;
that the fragile flower could survive in its symbiotic relationship with
the rock, that the rock welcomes the minute fissure, which binds the two
elements and makes the poetic moment. she said to me simply, "Nepal needs
critics like you". and I felt a great generosity settle upon my simple
understanding.
When I returned to my University I had the good fortune to be invited by
Prof. Sue Lanser to teach a course for the Department of Comparative
Literature, Perspective." In the spring semester of 1993 my students and I
read together Parijat's brilliant Blue Mimosa. Several of my students
chose to write about their experience of reading Blue Mimosa and about
the issues Parijat raise in the text . Jennifer Smith, a graduating senior
expressed the feelings of all of us in her essay when she said, "...here
is a voice that needs to be heard not only in Nepal , but the world over."
......Parijat would have understood and laughed with pleasure to think of
her work going on in the minds of other women, all of them flowers whose
roots break the rocks.
-------------------
PARIJAT - WRITER OF THE PEOPLE
- Ingrid Kriedl
"For the first time in the history of our planet its inhabitants have
become one whole, each and every part of which is affected by the
fortunes of every other". Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan wrote in 1993,
describing almost exactly how helpless and sad I felt, when I was far
away from Nepal in Germany informed by a friend about Parijat's departure
......Even after the adoption of a multy-party system, religion is
still very much a part of politics in Nepal and equal rights for men and
women exists only in the paper. Women are generally considered to be strong
enough to bear the weight of the family's w welfare alone on their
shoulders, depending totally on their husband's goodwill with no rights
of succession, few opportunities for education and no office to which they
can take their complaints. For many of them, the only way to lighten the
load is to go to the temple and pray. But there is also a human rather
than a spiritual model from whom they can draw strength - an ordinary
woman as weak and as strong as themselves, who has lived among them without
any special privileges and whose success in what had been exclusively
a male preserve has opened a door which can never be closed again.
.......The secret of her success was to portray the life of ordinary
people, of the middle and lower middle class people with whom her readers
could identify. She also questioned the main values, norms and restraints
with which everybody has to get along but hardly anyone talks about In
"Blue Mimosa", her main characters disclose their most intimate, vulnerable
and human sides. Skinny Sakambari, well educated and well read, her hair
cut short and glasses on her nose, has made up her own philosophy
concerning the sense of a woman's life. Comparing men to bees attcking
blooming flowers, she prefers to die rather than to accept the typical
female role. Pity poor Suog, who falls in love with her. The emotionless,
cool Gorkha Shoulder to whom women never meant more than physical
satisfaction and for whom raping and killing were the legitimate right of
every soldier suddenly realises that his life has lost all meaning.
Sakambary opens his eyes, telling him: The war we fight in someone's
else's name, under someone else's order is a crime committed by one
individual against another."
Parijat was always proud of being non-Hindu and a Buddhist as are most of
the Tamang in Nepal. She understood Buddhism in its classical meaning as
a humanistic and pacifist philosophy - based on the historical Buddha
Sakyamuni's rebellion aginst social injustice and rigid traditions. Later
on Parijat discovered corresponding ideas in Marxism and Lenninism, but
for her tolerance and individual freedom could never be replaced by
political doctrines and ideology.......
**********************************************************************
Date: Sat, 22 Apr 1995 20:00:00 EDT
To: a10rjs1@cs.niu.edu
From: DGURUNG@CLEMSON.EDU
Subject: PM ADHIKARI HEADED FOR CHINA
Excerpts from Reuters, UPI, Xinhua and DPA reports
April 16,1995
Nepalese Prime Minister Man Mohan Adhikary left for China on Sunday saying
Nepal should act as bridge to peace and development between India and China.
Adhikary said his visit to China, Nepal's northern neighbour ''will be as
successful as was my visit to India.''
Adhikari, who will spend the night in Hong Kong, begins his China visit
Monday at the invitation of his chinese counterpart Li Peng.
While in China, the Nepalese Prime Minister will meet with Chinese
President Jiang Zemin, hold talks with Chinese Premier Li Peng and meet with
Chairman Li Ruihuan of the National Committee Of The Chinese People's
Political Consultative Conference. He is also carrying a letter from King
Birendra to China's leaders, diplomatic sources said. He leaves for Mongolia
on Friday.
There are no outstanding problems between China and Nepal and the visit
is seen in Kathmandu primarily as a goodwill trip. Adhikari said that he
would seek to promote trade and joint ventures with neighboring Tibet, and
discuss improving transportation and roads between Nepal and Tibet.
But political observers also see the visit as being designed to balance
the one to India which Adhikari concluded Friday.
*************************************************************************
Date: Mon, 01 May 1995 10:25:00 EDT
To: a10rjs1@cs.niu.edu
From: DGURUNG@CLEMSON.EDU
Subject: China to Study Nepal's Proposal on TRade Routes (25 LINES)
CROSS LISTED FROM WTN
KATHMANDU, April 26 (Kyodo) -- China said it will study Nepal's
CROSS LISTED FROM WTN
proposal to open two new trade routes between the Himalayan
kingdom and the Tibet Autonomous Region, Nepalese Finance Minister
Bharat Mohan Adhikari told a weekly newspaper on Wednesday.
But Adhikari said he was told by Chinese government officials
during a trip to China last week to attend a meeting of the
Nepal-China Joint Economic Commission that ''First we should
strengthen the existing route.'' Currently Nepal and China
conduct all land trade via the Kodari route opened in 1966.
The Nepalese finance minister had proposed that new trade routes
be opened via the Sankhuwasabha District in the east and Mustang
District in the west of the kingdom.
Chinese government officials said that Nepal's proposal would be
studied.
Bilateral trade between the two countries was worth 42 million
dollars in 1994, of which Nepalese imports from China accounted
for 40 million dollars, Adhikari told the progovernment Janaastha
(Peoples Faith) newspaper.
*********************************************************
Date: Tue, 02 May 1995 09:08:27 +0700
To: Nepal Digest <nepal-request@cs.niu.edu>
From: Suman Kumar Manandhar <a94314@cs.ait.ac.th>
Subject: Sanskrit News
I do not want to write pages on the Sanskrit Debate - partly because, I
admit, I do not know how to write pages. However, to my simple mind, it
seems that though Sanskrit was an important language (note the past
tense) and is of value to researchers and scholars, it no longer
represents itself as the language of any community. Why should all
Nepalese have to bear the droning on of the newsreader in a language that
they do not understand and are little interested in? (By the way, my
advisor recently cracked a joke: In conferences, seminars etc speakers
are paid money to speak while the audience has to suffer. Why not pay
the audience and let the speaker pay? That's why, partly, students are
given scholarships, he said: to bear the professors droning on, and on, and
on.)
Moreover, I wonder, why does BBC not broadcast news in Latin (ad
nauseam)? Latin certainly has had a most indelible influence in the
English language. I think, if such a thing happens, the British will go
to the court, sue the BBC, win the case and everyone will become rich
overnight.
Suman Kumar Manandhar, a94314@cs.ait.ac.th, http://www.cs.ait.ac.th/~a94314/
*****************************************************************
Date: Tue, 2 May 1995 17:37:11 -0700 (PDT)
From: Dahal Durga <daha9014@uidaho.edu>
To: The Nepal Digest <NEPAL@cs.niu.edu>
Subject: Re: The Nepal Digest - May 1, 1995 (18 Baishakh 2052 BkSm)
Hi, Deepak, tell your friend to go to Kathmandu, and ask SHIKHAR NREPAL
TRAVELS to trekk. They must help in her desire. They had agreed me to
help our guests. Next time I can give you their phone# or fax#. Right
now in the lab I do not have any.
Hi, there, who ever Pandey you are, the RNAC trend and commission is
stioll in the trend of staffs swelling method, rest you guess.
Hi, Karter, can you ask the DEpt.Chairman to mail me the application form
for Ph.D. I wish to run for Geography and tourism in Nepal. Thank You.
*******************************************************************
Date: Wed, 03 May 1995 08:49:52 -0500 (CDT)
From: RAI@UTSW.SWMED.EDU
Subject: Educational material
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Dear TND readers,
I am a trainee plastic surgeon at South-Western Med Center at Dallas
Texas. A prof of mine has donated books and journals on plastic
surgery for the use of library at T.Univ.Teaching Hospital, Nepal
where I come from. These books and journals are in three big boxes
in San Francisco. I would very much appreciate if any body could
help me in finding a way to transfer them to Nepal where they could
be of great use for the training of local surgeons. Any idea or
suggestion is more than welcome.
Shankar Man Rai
phone# (214) 689-7708
email- rai@utsw.swmed.edu
snail mail- 1810 Inwood Road,
Dallas, Texas 75235.
*******************************************************************
From: Puspa M Joshi <pjoshi@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu>
Subject: Late news
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Date: Wed, 3 May 1995 11:47:12 -0400 (EDT)
Dear Editor:
I did not find our news published in the last two issues. May be
lost on the way. Thus I am mailing it again to publish it. Thanks
Puspa Joshi
Columbus
New Year Celebration in Columbus, Ohio
______________________________________
Kudos to Mukesh Singh who organized a grand new year's party on Friday evening
at the Buckeye Village Recreation Center. This time, with the help of Mary K.
Rose, Mukesh was able to create a new menu. We had chicken and goat ( not a
lamb! - real taja khasi ko masu) instead of chicken and pork. As it was a pot
luck dinner, all participants brought a Nepali dish. In addition, everyone
donated a few dollars for the purchase of the khasi.
Though some students were out of town, because of the presence of guests from
Bowling Green, (Ohio), Illinois, and Cincinnati, the party was very lively,
with delicious food enjoyed by all.
As usual, after the dinner there was a short cultural program organized by
Sarala Pandey. The folk dance performances by children, Ashish Joshi and Robin
Vaidya, and Ninka Tamot were excellent even though time allowed for only a few
days' rehearsal. This entertainment will be a part of the much larger Nepali
gathering in Columbus in May 27-28. In addition to the program presented by
the local community (singing, dancing, telling jokes and musical instruments),
there were artistic contributions from visitors as well. A newari poem was
recited and translated by Dr. Mohan Shrestha and a Nepali song was sung by
Pushkar Shrestha. The party ended around 12 o'clock.
**********************************************************************
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Date: Wed, 3 May 1995 19:17:15 -0400 (EDT)
From: Pravignya Regmi <pregmi@emerald.tufts.edu>
To: Nepal@cs.niu.edu
Subject: Help Nepal Save the Environment
Message-Id: <Pine.OSF.3.91.950503190809.7841C-100000@emerald.tufts.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Help Nepal Save the Environment-IV
A CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM FOR CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY IN NEPAL
____________________________________________________________________
An Emerging Tale
There is a small house in Nepal known as Hamro Gaun. On the 'pidhi,'
granny tells a story of her times to her seven year old grandson, Kanchho,
as she feeds him rice with her hands "There were few houses and dense
forest all around then. We had our old house by the Chhahare Khola. We had
a buffalo, a few goats and a cow, and you know we had a hard time keeping
them" Kanchho exclaims, "Why ? were they aggresive?" "No" says granny, "there
were tigers and the wild animals that would kill our pets in night".
Kanchho scared by the tigers' name comes close to his granny and asks,
"Will it come tonight too?" Ganny assures him, "There are no more
wild beasts now, they are all gone". Kanchho hurriedly asks some
questions, all in a breath, "Where? How? Who killed them all? Aren't
there any?" - Well expressed questions by a seven year old
child, to mankind to you and me, THAT MUST BE ANSWERED.
Present Diversity
The land of Nepal is a junction of two major biogeographic realms,
palaearctic (eurasia) and oriental (South Asia), of the world. The land
rises from almost sea level to more than 29,000 feet creating a wide
spectra of habitats for all the living creatures, from giant elephants of
tropical areas, to beautiful snow leopards of alpine mountains, and
perhaps the legendary yeti. Besides, six phytogeographic patterns, namely
Sino-japanese, Irono-Turranian, Central Asiatic, African-Indian desert,
Indian and Asian Provinces, can be observed in Nepal. What an Incredible
heaven this is for all the living beings.
Nepal, therefore, is well diversified in both flora and fauna. Over 5,000
species of flowering plants have been known to Nepal and several thousands
of other plant sub-species occur in Nepal. Out of them 250 species have
been recorded as the endemic species to Nepal. There are varieties of
birds out of which 850 species have been recorded. There are about 450
species of birds in Royal Chitwan National Park itself. Studies show that
there are 175 species of mammals, 600 species of butterflies, 50 species
of moth, and hundreds of species and subspecies of both cartilaginous and
bony fishes; and no one knows exactly how many species of insects exist in
Nepal (no account has been maintained for many other subspecies except a
few large animals). Nepal is renowned for Rhinos. Royal Chitwan National
Park (RCNP) is the second largest rhinocerous (sp- unicornis) sanctuary of
the world sustaining a population of more than 300 individuals at present.
Several other endangered species such as panthers, bears, antelopes, marsh
muggers, and gharials inhabit the park. Koshi Tappu has maintained a
community of wild buffaloes, fresh water dolphins and varieties of water
flowing birds. Sukla Phanta sustains a threantened spotted deer (Axis
axis) population. Sagarmatha and Khaptad National parks have maintained
habitats for musk deers, blue sheeps and snow leopards.
Conceptualization of Natural System as a Living Organism
Ecology is an intricate system of inter-relationships between biotic and
abiotic components. The Hydrologic cycle, mineral cycle and others
maintain the ecologic home, while inter and intra-relationship among the
plants and animals sustain the complexity of life support systems.
Furthermore, an ecology is a fragile system - it can be broken like glass,
by physical, chemical and even biological impacts. ONCE IT BREAKS, IT CAN
NOT BE RESTORED TO ITS ORIGINAL STRUCTURE.
Rapport et.al (Am. Nat. 125- (5):617-640) compare the health of an
ecology to the health of an organism; thereby, identifying it conceptually
like a living being by referring to it as, "Ecosystem as Organism".
However, they assert that, "Ecosystems are, to be sure, a supraogranismic
level of organization, but are not super organisms since each level in
hierarchy has both unique properties found only at the level, and parallel
properties with other levels." Such a basic philosophical idea of ecology
gives us a crystal clear vision of results if it is stressed. It also
provides a pragmatic framwork for need of conservation of the species on
the earth.
Local and Global Need for Conservation.
We can envision our natural systems when we apply the conceptual model of
the ecology that has been maintaining itself for millions of years.
Accordingly man is no more than a part of the complex life system;
however, the use of technology has made man the dominant species on the
earth and has spurred him to forget his FUNDAMENTAL NICHE in the nature
that is maintained by the ecological interdependency. Broadly speaking,
it is as a part of the same absolute interdependency that Buddhism
delineates which sustains the macrocosm. Therefore, we can conclude that
man can NOT live himself with the mere ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL
development, and even if he does make it, the world will be just a
monotonous and ugly place covered with houses all arround.
Being a dependent part of the system of interdependency, we MUST harmonize
ourselves with nature to sustain it. Theoretically, our roles should not
be more than that of a living creature that exists on a corner of the
earth, and practically, we should understand the INHERENT RIGHT of an
unpleasant species or an ugly weed to survive along with us. A metaphor
given by a Chinese thinker, Lao Tsu in this teaching, Tao Te Ching,
clarifies the ideology of conservation by saying that the system is like
water: if you want to capture it, you lose it.
The pace of current habitat destruction and alteration in Nepal is
alarming for several reasons, one of which is deforestation. It is
frustrating to know that if the current trend of habitat destruction
persists, the total forested land will be limited in the near future to a
few encroached national parks. At that time, the encroached habitat will
be turned into a zoo. No more birds will be fluttering by our 'aagan' and
there will be a LIFELESS VACANCY. The Exticntion of many species has not
been accounted for in Nepal; however it is still not late for nature
conservation. So we need to be encouraged to initiate nature conservation
and implement effective wildlife managerial systems in Nepal before we
loose the few beautiful wildlife species. We should not wait for the final
disaster to begin the "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION CAMPAIGNS" in Nepal
because it will then certainly be too late. We will have no opportunity to
revitalize the uprooted ecosystems.
We need to move for protection..."PROTECTION NOT FOR MANKIND ONLY -
PROTECTION FOR ALL CREATURES"
UPANISHADS SAY - OM SHANTI ! SHANTI !! SHANTI !!!
(Sources of Data : HMG. Env 1992, Personal observation in the mentioned
national parks. Other info can be provided upon request)
Comming up next in the Help Nepal Save the Environment series -
Episode - V
"ARUN - III PROJECT, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS"
This will deal with the contradictions between Economics and
Environmental protection. Find out answers - Is environmental
protection luxury or necessity ? What impacts will Arun
III leave ? What is the basic controversy ? How should it be
carried out ? and more. YOU WILL HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO THINK AND
ANALYSE .
*********************************************************************
Date: 03 May 95 20:03:18 EDT
From: Pawan.Adhikari@Dartmouth.EDU (Pawan Adhikari)
Subject: A question
To: NEPAL@cs.niu.edu
This is to inquire whether Mr. Kul Gautam, a Darmouth alum and a UN employee,
is on the TND network. If not, does anyone know his whereabouts?
**********************************************************************
Date: Wed, 03 May 1995 20:59:11 EDT
From: pramod@UFCC.UFL.EDU
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
I am trying to get in touch with any Nepalese student currently enrolled at
the University of Texas, Austin, preferably from the civil or environmental
engineering department. Thanks.
**************************************************************
Date: Wed, 3 May 1995 23:23:25 -0400 (EDT)
From: Ashutosh Tiwari <tiwari@husc.harvard.edu>
Subject: Tulsipur, Dang
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
I will be spending the coming June, July, August and possibly
early September '95 working (i.e. doing NO formal studies) in Tulsipur,
Dang and the surrounding regions. I have never been there before.
I would love hearing from Nepalis or others who are from Dang or the
surrounding regions or have spent some time there (like former PCVs)
If there are Nepali scholars/activists or interested TND readers
who have worked -- formally or informally -- on the issues of slavery,
bonded labor, political freedom, civil rights/liberties, rights, justice
and capabilities, legal access and political institutions, I would also
appreciate hearing from you.
Please send me mail at: tiwari@fas.harvard.edu
namaste
ashu
*************************************************************************
Date: Thu, 4 May 1995 22:47:42 AEST-1000
From: Rabi THAPA - Rabs <RABTHAPA@halls1.cc.monash.edu.au>
Subject: sexist bks?
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
To revive the issue raised by Sujata Rana about the supposed sexist
nature of bks -- what exactly is it about the institution that she
finds so detrimental to her sex? I am most interested in what it is
that convinces her of this. Any case examples? Any rumours, perhaps?
As an insider, I might be able to counter her accusations.
I admit that the fact that it took 18 years to incorporate girls into
the school was perhaps sexist, but hasn't that changed? You cannot
dwell on the past -- what matters is what is being done to
alleviate the situation. If feminists forever raged on about the
injustices of the past, not noting present day changes, what would be
accomplished?
Rabi Thapa
Australia
**********************************************************************
Date: Thu, 4 May 1995 17:07:02 +0300 (IDT)
From: Roshan Shrestha <roshan@bgumail.bgu.ac.il>
To: The Nepal Digest <NEPAL@cs.niu.edu>
Subject: Re: localization of friends in Denver
Dear TND readers,
Could anybody provide me e-mail address of Binaya Shrestha and Shailendra
Shrestha doing undergraduate in Denver or vicinity, or just convey them my
inquiry.
Roshan Shrestha
Israel
**********************************************************************
From: t01bbk@aberdeen.ac.uk
Subject: BEEF IN NEPAL
To: NEPAL@cs.niu.edu
Date: Thu, 4 May 1995 17:25:45 +0100 (BST)
Dear netters,
BEEF IN NEPAL AND ABROAD:
Is it natural?
--------------
It is devine theory and also practice that anything problematic must be
eliminated. The natural rule of thumb "survival of the fittest" is the main
operational law within animal and plant kingdom. The main thing is that we must
obey by the norms set forth for our welfare. However, we also must not forget
of the unforseen future when situation might be such that there may not be any
need of understanding law and order on behalf of weeked ones ( such as in
Rwanda a couple of week ago where thousands of people were brutally killed
just to clean up the refugee camp). Nobody want such things repeated anywhere
in the world again.
Human flesh was eaten what to talk of beef:
-------------------------------------------
Long ago I was reading a news paper article about an air plane crash in a
place far away from human habitation. Thus, no rescue were approached until
month long after crash. There were about 8-10 survivour of the accident. When
they finished every food on board, they started killing weeked one and eaten
up by stronger one. Later on 2/3 survivour were rescused and the fact were
revealed. I mean if situation comes not only beef there can be rampant
canabalisism within human population. Therefore, personally I don't see
anything wrong with eating beef provided how strong are your feelings and
beliefs.
"Gau Mata" cow as mother:
-------------------------
The punishment of killing a cows in Nepal is equal to the killing a man.
Nepal is only Hindu country in the world. The cows are protected by religion
and by law. The cows is national animal and also regarded as mother to foster
human babies. Also cows is a secret animal. "Gaut/GauMut" urine from cows are
being used as means to get free from evil spirit/sin. Baitarni, Gaudan, GauMut,
Sandhe Chhadne and mixing of cows milk in PanchAmrit? are the facts attached
to the Hindu communities since time immemorial. There is no way we Hindu can
think about killing of cows within Nepal.
BUDHA KHADA MAGHALAI THITA TARUNA BAGHLAI( Old cattle will die of severe
------------------------------------------------------------------------
cold during winter and young ones may be eaten up by tiger)
-----------------------------------------------------------
This above is a saying in western Nepal which was true in encient time.
Nowadays, no good forest left for tiger and very little tiger left to
kill many cows. iN RESULT MORE NUMBER OF COWS EVERY DAYS.
CATTLE DENSITY IN NEPAL IS one of the HIGHEST IN THE WORLD:
----------------------------------------------------------
There are about 6 million? cattle in Nepal. Many report suggest that
livesttock population in nepal is 13 times higher than its carryng
capacity. Thus cattle in Nepal are just surviving on 1/13 of their
food requirements. Malnutrition is the worse malady of cattle than any
other problem.
ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSE OF DEGRADING ENVIRONMENT:
------------------------------------------------
Unproductive cows and oxens are good for nothing. Rather they utilise land,
labour and available feed which is absolute waste. Additionally dead cattle
thron in and around villages are a sure source of disease to other healthy
animals. Because, the fox, dogs, jackal, vulchur, crow and many other
carnivorus can spead the infection throughout the region.
Thus overgrazing of the pasture lands and over looping of tree fodder
are the cause of over population of cattle. Ultimately we end up with
low productive barren land due to useless cattle which are old and
non productive.
Also there is pollution due to dung and dead smelly rotten animals.
GET RID OF USELESS CATTLE BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE:
-------------------------------------------------
How long should we continue on business of keeping useless cattle? tHIS IS
ABSOLUTE WASTEFULL JOB SINCE GENERATIONS TOGETHER.
I think so far we have used our valuable natural resources of several billion
rupees just to keep useless animal until they naturally die. I mean if we were
able to kill the cattle before they become useless our children will have
free time to play if not go to school. And also more quality feed and care
will be available to remaining animals. Thus as a result a bit more
productive work in hand. Therefore, a step forward in the way of peasants
economic development.
By this I don't mean that eat beef right from today but do something which
is worth doing.
WELFARE OF BOTH HUMAN AND CATTLE IS MERCY KILLING:
----------------------------------------------------
Many old people in developed country want to die before they use resource
available for them. Old and diseased people who have lost the hope of life
ask their doctor to kill them mercyfully. So that the resource available
will be used more meaningfully to other younger patients in the hospital.
With this i don't mean that we have to finished our parents but i definitely
mean that we have to find a way to get rid ofnon-productive and environmentally
destructive system.
Cows are getting less popular compared to other animals:
----------------------------------------------------------
Many farmers in Nepal are cutting down the number of cows in their shed.
Because, they are less valuable economically. Dead cows have no value.
But dead buffalo can fetch some money.
In contrary, farmer even Brahaman started to keep pigs. Because, pigs
can generate income faster than cows. For Brahamin a super class in cast
hirarchi were to take deep river bath after touching a pig. Pig said to
be untouchable animal for them. Nowadays this taboo have been gradually
low obstacle in the societies. So will be true for eating beef in party.
COWS EXPORT
------------
>From eastern Nepal thousnds of cattle are being driven down to Terai and hence
to India for ultimate slaughter there. Old ox after rice plantation together
with barren and infertile heifer and old cows are being exported to India.
This export is illigal but practical and still going on.
DO ANYONE THINK OF A SLAUGHTER HOUSE WITHIN NEPAL WILL RAISE EMPLOYMENT AND
ECONOMY OF THE SMALL HOLDER?
It is fact that live cattle as raw material for beef and leather jacket,
shoes and purses goes from Nepal to India and finished products sele back
to Nepal.
I don't see any reason to be so regid to not allow to open a slaughter
house within Nepal so that we can get rid of old cattle for welfare of old
cattle and save feed for young and productive cattle for welfare of young
cattle. By doing so we can protect our environment by reducing the density
of cattle population per unit area of useful land in Nepal. This will raise
our harmony with nature.
Cows lovers, why they should think that cattle need to suffer lack of feed,
water, diseases and above all extremes of weather during old age? We really
need to reduce the population of cattle do you think any appropriate ways?
In relation to the SANSKRIT IN RADIO NEPAL:
-------------------------------------------
Well done. Nothing wrong with it. If someone doen't like it simly turn the
radio off. Alternatively you can tune to Pub-music or up to you.
EVERY CANN'T BE PLEASED?
Be sure everyone cann't be pleased. It is beyound the capacity of even the
creator the god. Look back to Nepalese political system. Panchas
for example, they could not make people happy.
The same is true with Nepal Congress party and now with the communist party.
In this regard I can recall a story about A WASHERMAN HIS SON AND THEIR ASH.
This story may someone know better then me.Story goes like this:
Father and son together with their ash were walking through a village to
their home. They thought that the ash is too old so better to not ride on.
While on the way they come accross with a group of women asking them why
one of you did not ride on , after all it is an ash? Father and son thought
it is a good idea. Then the son was on the ash and father was leading it.
After some tome they come accross with a group of man with other idea,
and told them that old father should be on ash rather then young and
smart boy. They agreed and says this is a good idea, then son get off
and the father was on ash. Few minutes later a group of man, women and
children met them and told to the father that what a non-sence father
are you, young son is on foot and you are on ash, should not you feel
sorry they ask the father. Then father and son decided to tie up four
legs of the ash and carry the ash on their back/shoulder. Looking at the
seen of carrying ash villegars gathered around them ask , are you foolish
or mad?
In this way father and son come to a conclusion that "EVERYBODY CANN'T
BE PLEASED"
At the end this discussion is not targeted to anyone in particular but to
netters who have strong/regid ideas about anything good for others. For
example somebody feel poorly about SANSKRIT NEWS IN RADIO NEPAL.
Thanks
B.B.Kshatri
t01bbk@abdn.ac.uk
University of Aberdeen
581 King St,
Ab9 1UD
******************************************************************
Date: Wed, 03 May 1995 20:26:01 CST
To: The Editor <nepal-request@cs.niu.edu>
From: "tika adhikari" <TIKA@plantpath.pp.ksu.edu>
Subject: re: Kansas State University
Dear Editor;
Could you please forward the following information to Mr. SBShah;
[Information about KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY ]
Dear Shah jee;
I read your msg through TND. Ms. Taranuum is an undergraduate student
at K-State. But I really do not know much about her.
I am a faculty at the Institute of Agriculture and Science, (IAAS), Rampur,
Chitwan, Nepal. Currently, I am a visiting scientist at K-State
university. I learned that you are interested in pursuing your Ph. D.
program at K-State. If you have any problem regarding your
admission, I would be glad to help you . Please contact me
on the following address;
Dr. Tika Adhikari
Department of Plant Pathology
Kansas State University
4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center
Manhattan, Kansas-66506-5502
Phone: (913)-532-1354 (8.00 a.m. - 11.00 pm)
Fax: (913)-532-5692
E-mail:Tika@plantpath.pp.ksu.edu
*****************************************************************
Date: Fri, 21 Apr 1995 00:05:14 EDT
To: nepal@cs.niu.edu
Subject: Top Ten Reasons
Top Ten Reasons
Recently Given by the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
ON
Why It Is So Hard to Negotiate with India
10. "Everytime we sit down with India, they feed us bhaang ko laddoo."
09. "Bashing India was fun BEFORE the elections; now we bash those who
bash India, like Pakistan, Babu Ram, Rohit and Amulya Tuladhar."
08. "Ke garne? On every negotation-table, we get hoodwinked into singing
that 'Choli ke piche kya hey' number, and we just look like idiots."
07. "They insist that we speak in Hindi, but we always tell them,
gorkhali-style, 'bhai-saab, yeh to kabi nahi ho sakata hey'. And
they throw us out of their Foreign Office."
06. "A matter of differing ideology, don't you know? They talk about
free trade with investors' money; we talk about getting a free
ride ON just about everyone else's money."
05. "If only Manisha Koirala could teach us her tricks! After alll,
she's been able to seduce India in ways we haven't . . ."
04. "Every time our negotiators go to Delhi, ke garne, they do nothing
but shopping, having medical check-ups, and eating halwa-swari . . ."
03. "Because India is our big brother. And because we obey our big
brother. And because this big brother wants a lotta respect."
02. "We hate India; but we love Madhuri Dixit. Give us Ms Dixit, we
can negotiate with her any day, any time, any where . . ."
01. "We don't negotiate with India. We obey them. It's that simple. Get
it?"
******************************************************************************
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